Descriptive statistics include measures of central tendency and variability. Measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode. The mean is the arithmetic average of data from interval or ratio scales. The median reflects the 50th percentile score. The mode is the most frequently occurring value of a data distribution. Measures of variability include range, interquartile range, standa...

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Descriptive statistics are used to summarise numerical information so that it is in a more manageable form. There are a variety of ways of carrying this out depending upon what type of data we are dealing with. There is also a choice when presenting data. Graphical and tabular formats are possible but each have strengths and weaknesses. Selection therefore needs to take these into account along...

• Usually, there will be both measurement errors and intrinsic variability. For example, we may want to know the run time of an algorithm solving a given problem. The time cannot be measured exactly, but more importantly, the run time will vary because of varying loads on the processor (e.g. from the operating system) and for some languages (e.g. Java) because of the need for periodic garbage c...

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