Nanofluids are becoming increasingly popular as heat transfer fluids in a variety of industrial applications, due to their enhanced heat transfer characteristics. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids is usually found to be much larger than that predicted from the classical models, such as the Maxwell model. The key mechanism of enhancement of thermal conductivity of dilute nanofluids is the s...

if the solute is a nonelectrolyte. TJo is the viscosity of the pure solvent. Considerable experimental and theoretical effort has been devoted to a determination of the coefficient ai, the so-called intrinsic viscosity, for susp'ensions of particles of various shapes since Einstein's [1] 1 original hydrodynamic treatment of sphcres. In these hydrodynamic theories, al is a measure of the disturb...

We present a passive droplet sorting technique based on intrinsic viscoelastic fluid properties dependent on inner and outer fluid phase viscosity ratio (k-value), droplet deformability, and viscoelastic properties. We demonstrate sorting rates of >200 Hz of both homogeneous and heterogeneous sized droplet populations between 40-100 μm‟s and enrichment rates as high as 99%. We demonstrate sorti...

Intra-articular inflammation is associated with a reduction in viscosity of synovial fluid which is due to changes in hyaluronic acid rather than in the protein component of the fluid (Kulonen, 1951; Sundblad, 1953). Hyaluronic acid is a polymer of molecular weight greater than 1 x 106 made up from repeating units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. It is present in concentrations ...

Recent work has shown the beneficial effects of a proprietary mixture of three non-digestible carbohydrates: konjac glucomannan, xanthan and alginate and these effects have been linked with a synergistic interaction observable with analytical ultracentrifugation, rheological and NMR measurements. These observations have been supported by fundamental dilute solution viscosity studies. Preparatio...

The effect of cellulase treatments on the rheology of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions was studied using a rotational viscometer. The rheological behaviors of CMC solutions of different molecular mass and degrees of substitution where studied as a function of time after various treatments. These solutions were subjected to active and heatdenatured cellulase, a cationic polyelectrolyte (C...

A numerical bifurcation analysis of a shallow water equation model of the doublegyre ocean circulation. The analysis is performed in a two parameter space where one parameter controls the viscosity of the model and a second parameter controls the symmetry of the wind forcing. The two parameter analysis is used to find “isolated” steady-state solution branches that were not and could not have be...