Man’s invasion into the sacred inner space of the eyethe vitreous cavity began around the same time he was attempting to invade the outer space i.e. in the 1950s. Von Sallman in1944 demonstrated the efficacy of Intravitreal antibiotics in a study in which he successfully cured endophthalmitis in rabbits by Intravitreal Penicillin injection. And thus began the era of Intravitreal antibiotics. Fi...

OBJECTIVE To compare intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection versus no treatment or sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) injection in improving visual acuity (VA) of patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME; unresponsive to focal laser therapy). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic macular edema is the leading cause of visual loss in diabetic retinopathy. Laser therapy ha...

The introduction of pars plana vitrectomy in clinical ophthalmology by Robert Machemer and colleagues was a profound paradigm change which opened up new avenues for the treatment of ocular diseases, such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy, which up to that time had been incurable [79]. It was again Robert Machemer who together with Yasuo Tano, Gholam Peyman, Stephan Ryan and other researchers f...

PURPOSE To describe the treatment of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with concomitant pars plana vitrectomy/arteriovenous sheathotomy and intraoperative intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS Retrospective case series. RESULTS Four eyes of four patients were identified. Patients improved from a mean best-corrected visual acuity of 20/124 at baseline t...

PURPOSE Intravitreal drug administration leads to high intraocular concentrations with potentially toxic effects on ocular tissues. This study was an assessment of the toxicity of triamcinolone and bevacizumab in living retinal explants using two-photon (2P) microscopy. METHODS Wild-type mice received intravitreal injections of triamcinolone, bevacizumab, or vehicle. Ten and 45 days after inj...

BACKGROUND Refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following cataract surgery has long posed a challenge to clinicians, but intravitreal injections with a sustained delivery 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant has emerged as a promising therapy for this condition. OBJECTIVE To present a case of longstanding and refractory PCME with complete remission through 189 days of follow-up after ...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab alone or combined with intravitreal triamcinolone as the primary treatment for cases with diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS Ninety eyes were enrolled in one of the three study arms; where intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) was used in group I, IVT/intravitreal bevacizumab (IVT/IVB) in group II, and IVB in gro...

Prior studies have shown that intravitreal daunorubicin (9-15 nmol) and triamcinolone acetonide (2 mg) are effective individually in preventing retinal detachment in experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. This report compares the efficacy of the combination of daunorubicin (15 nmol) and triamcinolone acetonide (2 mg) with that of daunorubicin alone in a refined experimental model of prol...

PURPOSE To present the finding of tiny silicone oil droplets in 15 eyes of 15 patients after intravitreal injections of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent or triamcinolone acetonide and to discuss the likely source of silicone oil. METHODS In an observational case series, charts of patients who had undergone intravitreal injections by one surgeon were reviewed retrospectively. T...