AIM To evaluate the association between the size of peripheral retinal non-perfusion and the number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with treatment-naive branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema. METHODS A total of 53 patients with treatment-naive BRVO and macular edema were included. Each patient underwent a full ophthalmologic examination including optical co...

The use of intravitreal steroids to treat bacterial endophthalmitis remains controversial. The efficacy of intravitreal vancomycin alone (group 1), intravitreal dexamethasone alone (group 2), and a combination of intravitreal vancomycin and dexamethasone (group 3) in the treatment of experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis was evaluated in a rabbit model: 2...

PURPOSE To evaluate the functional and anatomical outcome after intravitreal ranibizumab injection in 2 patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) related to Irvine-Gass syndrome. METHODS Two patients with pseudophakic CME refractory to current standard topical treatment were enrolled in this study. Intravitreal (0.5 mg/0.05 mL) ranibizumab injection was performed. Baseline visits included bes...

The authors examined the role of the complement system in host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis. Guinea pigs received intravitreal injections of P. aeruginosa, and comparisons were made between bacterial counts from the vitreous of control guinea pigs and experimental guinea pigs that underwent systemic decomplementation with cobra venom factor. In group 1 (intravitreal in...

PURPOSE To evaluate the role of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in patients who developed severe, visually compromising radiation maculopathy or progressed despite anti-angiogenic treatments. METHODS An Institutional Review Board approved, consecutive, retrospective study from 2006 to 2009 of patients who developed severe, visually compromising radiation retinopathy manifesting as macula...

PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and safety of repeated intravitreal and subconjunctival administrations of sirolimus in patients with noninfectious uveitis at 1 year in the Sirolimus as a Therapeutic Approach UVEitis (SAVE) Study. METHODS Open-label, prospective, and randomized interventional clinical trial in which 30 patients with noninfectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis were ...

BACKGROUND Refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following cataract surgery has long posed a challenge to clinicians, but intravitreal injections with a sustained delivery 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant has emerged as a promising therapy for this condition. OBJECTIVE To present a case of longstanding and refractory PCME with complete remission through 189 days of follow-up after ...

PURPOSE To determine whether exposure of sodium fluorescein (NaF) to the choroid-retina region in the posterior segment of the eye is greater with suprachoroidal injection when compared to intravitreal and transscleral routes. METHODS Suprachoroidal injection, a new approach for drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye was validated using a 34 G needle and Indian ink injections in Sp...

BACKGROUND Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibodies are used in ocular neovascular diseases. A consensus has emerged that intravenous anti-VEGF can increase the risk of arterial thromboembolic events. However, the role of intravitreal anti-VEGF in arterial thromboembolism is controversial. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to invest...