in mammals, the intrauterine condition has an important role in the development of fetal physiological systems in later life. suboptimal maternal environment can alter the regulatory pathways that determine the normal development of the fetus in utero, which in post-natal life may render the individual more susceptible to cardiovascular or metabolic adult-life diseases. changes in the intrauter...

Endoscopic techniques for diagnosis and treatment of several diseases have gained importance in medicine, especially over recent years. The advantage lies in direct optical judgment of body cavities and frequently the possibility of surgical treatment during same procedure.Although diagnostic and operative laparoscopy has been established in gynecology for several decades, hysteroscopy is still...

Trabeculectomy remains the standard surgery for intraocular pressure control for glaucoma. It involves a full thickness penetration of sclera, to allow aqueous seepage to subconjunctival space under a scleral flap. However, it carries the risk of serious bleb related complications like overfiltration, hypotony and consequent persistent choroidal detachment, shallow anterior chamber, cataract, p...

Abstract Introduction Placenta is the maternal–foetal contact zone. The placentas of ‘idiopathic’ intrauterine growth retardation babies may hold the key to the aetiology of growth restriction. It was noted by most workers that in cases of intrauterine growth retardation placentas, there were some abnormal positions of insertion of umbilical cords, placental weight and volume was significantly ...

by pseudoexfoliation syndrome, uveitis, posterior synechiae, trauma or previous intraocular surgery . A significant number of patients who present for phacoemulsification cataract surgery have pupils that do not respond adequately despite several pharmacological attempts with different mydriatic agents. Inadequate pupil dilation can decrease visualization during all stages of the phacoemulsific...

background: the incidence of rudimentary heterotopic uterine horn pregnancy varies from 1:76,000 to 1:140,000. however the incidence of twin pregnancy i.e. intrauterine pregnancy in unicornuate uterus and its associated rudimentary horn pregnancy is estimated to be around 1 in 10 million gestations. case: here, we present 19 year old pramigravida women with acute haemoperitoneum with diagnosis ...

UNLABELLED One of the most important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity complicating significant percentage pregnancies is intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Fetal growth restriction is the main cause of intrauterine fetal death and the second leading cause of death in the neonatal period. Numerous studies in different populations reveal an association between intrauterine growth ...