In this paper two concepts for modelling 3D topography are introduced. The first concept is a very pragmatic approach of 3D modelling, trying to model as much as possible in (less complicated) 2.5D and use 3D modelling only in exceptional cases. The idea is to use a constrained TIN in 2.5D and place 3D TENs on top or below this surface. As both data structures use the same simplexes (nodes, edg...

 Abstract Background: End-to-side esophagojejunostomy has almost always been associated with some degree of dysphagia. To overcome this complication we decided to perform an end-to-end anastomosis and compare it with end-to-side Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. Methods: In this prospective study, between 1998 and 2005, 71 patients with a diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma underwent total gastrec...

This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages o f the "pre-planned" and "postplanned" approaches to evaluating program effectiveness. These evaluative approaches are compared along a number o f dimensions which include: (a) Reliability o f data and the cost o f collecting it; (b) Internal validity; (c) External validity; (d) Evaluation obtrusiveness and threat; and (e) Program goal displ...

The relationship between the trend of a sequence of related outcomes and judged assessments of fairness of those outcomes was studied in the context of an educational framework. Specifically, a short course was modeled as a controlled experiment, in which participants completed several “assignments” and, a “final”, for which they received an overall “course grade”. After the course grade was re...

priority and precedence of the uttered (mantuq) overimplicature (mafhum) is a matter of consensus amongscholars. the very priority has caused a disputeconcerning restriction of a general term by disaccordingimplicature (mafhum al-mukhalif). the dispute isoriginated by weakness of restriction by disaccordingimplicature. disagreement in this connection is subject toacceptance of authority of disa...