نتایج جستجو برای: intestinal inflammation
تعداد نتایج: 292797 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Evidence exists that visceral afferent sensitivity is subject to regulatory mechanisms. We hypothesized that afferent sensitivity is decreased in the small intestine during intestinal inflammation by an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent mechanism. C57BL/6 mice were injected twice with vehicle or 60 mg kg(-1) indomethacin subcutaneously to induce intestinal inflammation. Afferent ...
Prolonged ingestion of a cholesterol- or saturated fatty acid-enriched diet induces chronic, often systemic, auto-inflammatory responses resulting in significant health problems worldwide. In vivo information regarding the local and direct inflammatory effect of these dietary components in the intestine and, in particular, on the intestinal epithelium is lacking. Here we report that both mice a...
B7-H1 (PD-L1) on immune cells plays an important role in T cell coinhibition by binding its receptor PD-1. Here, we show that both human and mouse intestinal epithelium express B7-H1 and that B7-H1-deficient mice are highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- or trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced gut injury. B7-H1 deficiency during intestinal inflammation leads to high mortali...
Intestinal inflammation caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium increases the availability of electron acceptors that fuel a respiratory growth of the pathogen in the intestinal lumen. Here we show that one of the carbon sources driving this respiratory expansion in the mouse model is 1,2-propanediol, a microbial fermentation product. 1,2-propanediol utilization required intestinal in...
Peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to the development of small intestinal inflammation dependent on Th1 cytokines. The role of Th17 cells in ileitis is unknown. We report interleukin (IL)-23-mediated gelatinase A (matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2) up-regulation in the ileum of infected mice. MMP-2 deficiency as well as therapeutic or prophylactic selective gelatinase blockage protect...
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of escin on acute inflammation and intestinal mucosal injury in animal models. The effects of escin on carrageenan-induced paw edema in a rat model of acute inflammation, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced intestinal mucosal injury in a mouse model, were observed. It was shown that oral administration of escin inhi...
TIR8 (also known as SIGIRR) is a member of the interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor family with inhibitory activity on inflammatory reactions and high expression in intestinal mucosa. Here, we report that Tir8-deficient mice exhibited a dramatic intestinal inflammation in response to dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) administration in terms of weight loss, intestinal bleeding, and mortality and sho...
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) produce thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); however, the in vivo influence of TSLP-TSLP receptor (TSLPR) interactions on immunity and inflammation in the intestine remains unclear. We show that TSLP-TSLPR interactions are critical for immunity to the intestinal pathogen Trichuris. Monoclonal antibody-mediated neutralization of TSLP or deletion of the TSLPR in...
Obesity and diabetes are associated with increased chronic low-grade inflammation and elevated plasma glucose levels. Although inflammation in the fat and liver are established features of obesity-associated insulin resistance, the intestine is emerging as a new site for immunologic changes that affect whole-body metabolism. Specifically, microbial and dietary factors incurred by diet-induced o...
Dioscoreaceae, a kind of yam plant, has been recommended for treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. However, the mechanisms are poorly defined. Methyl protodioscin (MPD) is one of the main bioactive components in Dioscoreaceae. Here, we aim to determine the mechanisms by which MPD ameliorates intestinal inflammation. Surgical intestinal specimens were collected from inflammatory bowel di...
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