Steindler and Luck (1938) noted that localised lesions in the territory of the posterior primary divisions of the spinal nerves were capable of causing pain which radiated not only in this region but also in that of the anterior primary divisions. Kellgmen (1939) and Lewis and Kellgren (1939) injected hypertonic saline in the mid-line of the back and caused pain of segmental distribution which ...

BACKGROUND Facet degeneration often leads to the formation of synovial facet cysts. As facet cysts invade the spinal canal, they become a contributing factor to spinal stenosis. Previous studies have demonstrated successful treatment of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC), a major symptom of spinal stenosis, with an interspinous process device. PURPOSE To compare clinical outcomes of p...

On polarization microscopy collagen fibres from human cadaveric anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal, and interspinous ligaments show a series of transmission and extinction bands. By observing changes in this pattern on rotating the polarizing stage and on rotating the fibres a crimped structure of the fibres was deduced and its parameters were calculated. From these data the force/st...

Neurogenic claudication was first related to lumbar stenosis (Verbiest H, 1954). Since, decompressive surgery was indicated in patients who failed to respond to conservative therapy. It is followed by posterior fusion in cases where the motion segment showed instability or in case where a secondary instability is expected to develop after surgery. However, while many patients have benefited fro...

The mechanism of action in itself has not been fully elucidated, though many theories have been proposed. Validation of these theories becomes important to determining the appropriate indications for use of these devices. Without a clear understanding of the mechanism of action or what these implants really do, their future would remain questionable. The general consensus seems to be that these...

BACKGROUND Decompressive laminectomy (DI) is a standard operation for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) patient with severe claudication symptoms for many years. However, patients whose symptom severity does not meet undergoing invasive surgery make therapeutic options into dilemma. Interspinous spacers (ISP) bridge the gap between surgical interventions and CC in management of LSS. In our study, we...