Bile duct interruption, or biliary obstruction, is a condition characterized by the partial complete blockage of bile ducts, impeding normal flow from liver to small intestine. This literature review explores epidemiology, significance, theoretical framework, and management interruption. The epidemiology this influenced various factors, including prevalence gallstones other pathologies in diffe...

Operators in complex event-driven domains, such as aviation, face considerable attentional demands. They often need to time-share multiple tasks, and handle interruptions by other human and machine agents who may provide or request information in the interest of coordinating activities. The purpose of this study was to explore possible ways to support these timesharing and interruption manageme...

Attitude certainty has been the subject of considerable attention in the attitudes and persuasion literature. The present research identifies 2 aspects of attitude certainty and provides evidence for the distinctness of the constructs. Specifically, it is proposed that attitude certainty can be conceptualized, and empirically separated, in terms of attitude clarity (the subjective sense that on...

After interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy, 15 out of 53 patients with the X4 HIV strain had a significantly larger decrease in CD4(+) T cell count (P = 0.001) and shorter length of treatment interruption (P = 0.02) than patients with the R5 strain. At treatment resumption, HIV inferred tropism switched from the X4 strain to the R5 variant in 9 patients (60%). These patients had...

BACKGROUND Achieving optimal adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is necessary to attain viral suppression and hence optimal clinical outcome. Interruptions in antiretroviral therapy medication often occur, but a substantial proportion restart treatment. Long-term care engagement practices and clinical outcomes have not been described among cohorts of individuals on HAART i...

of results Overall, 533 patients, starting EFV-containing regimen from May 1998 to March 2012, were included (51.2% naı̈ve, 48.8% switched). Patients characteristics: males 70.7%, median age 39 years, injecting drug use (IDU) 11.2%, median nadir CD4 194/ mmc, median CD4 at EFV start 305/mmc: 38.7% started BID regimen, 43.9% OD regimen and 17.4% STR. At survival analysis, the overall proportion o...

A new prioritised alternation programming construct and CSP operator have previously been suggested by the author to express behaviour that arises with machine-level prioritised vectored interruption. The semantics of each is considered, though that of prioritisation is deferred given the current lack of consensus regarding a suitable domain. Defining axioms for the operator are tentatively pro...

This paper analyzes the occurrence of phonetic interruption cues at points of syntactic irregularities (false starts and truncations) in a large annotated corpus of German dialogues and compares interruption glottalization with laryngealization in terminal low phrase-final prosodies. Glottalization (including glottal stop) predominantly marks word fragments, whereas non-verbal insertions, e.g. ...

When routine tasks are interrupted, erroneous slips become more likely. Expertise is no defence against these kinds of errors but visual hints can alleviate such negative effects in computer interfaces. We compared previous-action cueing with next-action cueing, measuring the effects on error rate, and found that both approaches were statistically equivalent in helping to mitigate the disruptiv...