In February 2010, the New York Academy of Sciences published the most complete and up-to-date collection of evidence, from independent, scientific sources all over the world, on the health and environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident. For 24 years, through a high-level, internationally coordinated cover-up of the world's most serious industrial accident, the nuclear lobby has depriv...

In Sub-Saharan Africa, there are active debates about whether increases in energy access should be driven by investments in electric grid infrastructure or small-scale “home solar” systems (e.g., solar lanterns and solar home systems). We summarize the results of a household electrical appliance survey and describe how households in rural Kenya differ in terms of appliance ownership and aspirat...

We define energy security as “a state in which consumers and their governments believe, and have reason to believe, that there are adequate reserves and production and distribution facilities available to meet their requirements in the foreseeable futures, from sources at home and abroad, at costs which do not put them at a competitive disadvantage or otherwise threaten their well-being. Insecu...

Introduction: In the last 5 years the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 51 (AAPM TG-51) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) published a new high-energy photon and electron dosimetry protocol. These protocols are based on the use of an ion chamber having an absorbed-dose to water calibration factor. These are different from the previous NCS report-2 and IAEA...

Solar energy can be converted directly into electric and thermal energy through photovoltaic cells and thermal collectors, respectively. However this conversion, in particular the photovoltaic, has a reduced efficiency. A solution proposed to increase this efficiency is with the hybrid solar structure, which consists in the junction of the photovoltaic panel and the thermal collector in a singl...

The purpose of this study is to use clustering variables according to the Kaya identity, an equation involving energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions. By using aggregate data from the International Energy Agency for a dataset of developed and developing countries, we perform clustering according to variables such as population, gross domestic product (GDP), total prima...

In external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), the quality assurance (QA) of the radiation beam is crucial to the accurate delivery of the prescribed dose to the patient. One of the dosimetric parameters that require monitoring is the beam output, specified as the dose rate on the central axis under reference conditions. The aim of this project was to validate dose rate calibration of megavoltage p...

The United Nations Conference on Climate Change (Paris 2015) reached an international agreement to keep the rise in global average temperature 'well below 2°C' and to 'aim to limit the increase to 1.5°C'. These reductions will have to be made in the face of rising global energy demand. Here a thoroughly validated dynamic econometric model (Eq 1) is used to forecast global energy demand growth (...

Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source. Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warran...

Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source. Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warran...