Interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays a key role in atopic diseases. It coordinates T-helper cell differentiation to subtype 2, thereby directing defense toward humoral immunity. Together with Interleukin-13, IL-4 further induces immunoglobulin class switch IgE. Antibodies of this type activate mast cells and basophilic eosinophilic granulocytes, which release pro-inflammatory mediators accounting for the...

Abstract Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a prevalent genetically susceptible inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin condition affecting not only the health of dogs but also quality life their owners. Interleukin-31 (IL-31) interleukin-31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA) are essential for development pruritus in primates mice. Hence, it expected that inhibiting IL-31RA will be an effective approach t...

BackgroundThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic or irritant contact has been increasing significantly in the general population. Interleukin- 4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobulin E (IgE) play a key role pathogenesis AD. Physalis angulata (PA) leaves reportedly have anti-inflammatory effects by impeding IL-4, IL-6, IgE. This study aimed to evaluate effect PA leaf extrac...

Imbalanced immune responses against fetus alloantigens can lead to abnormality in pregnancy. Interleukin-10(IL-10) plays key roles in regulation of immune responses against self and foreign antigens to induce tolerance to these antigens. Therefore, alteration in expression of IL-10 during pregnancy may result in several pathologic conditions such as preterm labor. IL-10 leads to a normal pregna...

One hypothesis is that the activation of innate immunity and release cytokines breaks down blood brain barrier (BBB) causes neuroinflammation. Here, I present a case COVID-19 associated MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children) with neurological complications manifesting as encephalopathy cytotoxic lesion corpus callosum (CLOCC) on MRI, association extremely elevated levels circulat...

background: possible roles of anti-inflammatory factors as well as total antioxidative capacity in reproductive processes of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (ivf) are still being investigated and the contributions by some of them remain controversial. objective: the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between anti-inflammatory parameters and total antioxidative capacity...

allergic asthma is a complex and chronic inflammatory airway disease. interleukin-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. it has been reported that β-arrestin2 regulated the development of allergic asthma at a proximal step in the inflammatory cascade. in this study, the influence of β-arrestin2 on interleukin-17 production and express...

COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beta-coronavirus. Epidemiological status changes dynamically as the pandemy far from ending. Several complications of presented virus may be similar to those observed in other infections. Despite lacking data, heart involvement comparable cardiac previously with SARS well Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MER...

background : the current study was designed to evaluate immune responses induced by dna vaccines encoding 8-kda subunit of antigen b (hydi) of echinococcus granulosus and murine interleukin 12 (il-12) as genetic adjuvants in balb/c mice. methods : expression plasmid pcdna3.1 containing hydi (pchyd1) as vaccine along with the murine interleukin 12 (pcmil12) as adjuvant were used. thirty-five mic...