In this article optimal design of shear walls is performed under seismic loading. For practical aims, a database of special shear walls is created. Special shear walls are used for seismic design optimization employing the charged system search algorithm as an optimizer. Constraints consist of design and performance limitations. Nonlinear behavior of the shear wall is taken into account and per...

A new simple shear apparatus is fabricated which is capable of applying monotonic and cyclic load on soil specimens. A series of tests was conducted to study the pore pressures (or suction), volume change, and shear behavior of the soil samples with anisotropic consolidation pressure. The simple shear apparatus is capable of controlling as well as measuring pore-air and pore-water pressure in t...

The work is aimed at experimental research and description of the mechanical behavior degradation fibrous structural composite material strength properties during thermal moisture aging in aggressive (operational) environments different duration temperatures. object study was STEF fiberglass. a laminated fiberglass reinforced plastic obtained by hot pressing glass fabric impregnated with thermo...

the steel shear wall and composite steel plate shear wall is introduced in recent three decade and is considered and is spread rapidly. composite steel plate shear wall which is made of a layer of thin steel sheet with coating of reinforced concrete in one or both sides of steel palate is considered a third generation of resistance shear walls against lateral loads that in addition to increasin...

-We describe slip-rate dependent friction laws based on the Coulomb failure criteria. Frictional rate dependence is attributed to a rate dependence of cohesion c and friction angle qS. We show that differences in the stress states developed during sliding result in different Coulomb friction taws for distributed shear within a thick gouge layer versus localized shear within a narrow shear band ...

The swelling and exfoliation behavior of protonated layered oxides using an organo-phosphonium base, tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPOH), was examined for the first time. The action of the aqueous solution induced massive interlayer expansion up to ~100-fold. The swollen crystals were immediately broken and completely exfoliated into unilamellar nanosheets in 1-2 h by shaking.

in this research a numerical analysis using plaxis program has been carried out to investigate the behavior of buried concrete box culverts different parameters including load types, loading locations, culvert dimensions, underlying soil specifications, and the coefficient of earth pressure- at- rest. for modeling purpose, patch loading of rtuck or military tank has been substituted to an equiv...

In this paper, an improved model is presented for analysis of failure probability of the interlayer sliding belts under seismic loads. Firstly, using the theory of the Markov chain, the relation between failure probabilities of specified interlayer sliding belts and elements in this interlayer sliding belt is deduced. Then, the failure function is proposed according to the destructive character...