OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the immunomodulatory effect beta glucan in an experimental model intraabdominal bacteremia induced by S. aureus.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Staphylococcus aureus (SAB), treatment with cefazolin, glucan, both cefazolin and groups constituted respectively. 4 mg/kg 100 given after 12x...

UNLABELLED Infection by alphaherpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV), typically begins at epithelial surfaces and continues into the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Inflammatory responses are induced at the infected peripheral site prior to invasion of the PNS. When the peripheral tissue is first infected, only the innervating axons are exposed to this ...

Background: Brucella is a well-known intracellular bacterium entailing acute and chronic illnesses in humans and domestic animals. The infection chronicity may be affected by the cell-mediated immunity and cytokine patterns. Objective: To evaluate the patterns of T-helper cytokines in patients suffering from chronic and acute brucellosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 22 individuals w...

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease of the skin, in whichloss of adhesion between keratinocytes is caused by autoantibodies. It has been hypothesizedthat cytokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of PV. This study aimed to investigatethe other immunopathological aspects of PV by determining the serum levels of cytokines inPV patients to find another tre...

Background: The use of narcotics such as opium exposes addicts as susceptible targets of different diseases so that they might easily be exposed to different diseases such as fungal infections. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of addiction to opium and fungal infection on plasma levels of certain cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17, Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) a...

Abstract Cryptosporidium species are intracellular parasites that infect intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and the rapid cycle of growth, cell lysis reinfection every 12 hours can cause severe enteric disease in young or immunocompromised patients. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has a crucial role protective immunity mice with an IEC-specific deletion IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR ΔIEC) highly susceptible to in...

Tuning recombinant protein expression is an approach which can be successfully employed for increasing the yield of recombinant protein production in high cell density cultures. On the other hand, most of the previous results reported the optimization induction conditions during batch and continuous culture of recombinant E. coli, and consequently fed-batch culture have received less attention....

In the adrenal gland, there is a mutual interaction between cells in cortex and medulla of immune system. Sex hormones regulate cell functions as well reproductive metabolic processes throughout life. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cytokine that regulates maturation differentiation many types. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) multifunctional plays an important role various physiological pathophysi...

BACKGROUND: The interaction between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is known to play key roles in immune response infectious diseases. pathogenesis of malaria parasitemia, including its progression symptomatic manifestation, also seems be strongly related this interplay. AIM: study evaluated plasma levels interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) interleukin-6 (IL)-6, which are inflammatory cytokines, ...