BACKGROUND Cervical proprioception is a common term used in neck rehabilitation, and it is examined using neutral head position (NHP) and target head position (THP) tests. OBJECTIVE To investigate intra- and inter-rater reliability of the NHP and THP tests in patients with neck pain and in healthy controls. METHODS The intra-rater (between-day) and inter-rater (within-day) reliability of th...

Introduction: Most clinical gait laboratories employ a simplified, one-segment, single-vector foot model. Misalignment of the markers used to define the foot vector leads to inaccuracies and increased variability in the measurement of dorsi-plantar flexion, foot progression and ankle rotation angles. Errors and variability in these angles is a significant problem since these metrics are frequen...

OBJECTIVE To identify inter-individual examiner factors associated with interrater reliability in a summative communication OSCE in the 4th study year. METHODS The OSCE consists of 4 stations assessed with a 4-item 5-point global rating instrument. A bivariate secondary analysis of interrater reliability in relation to 4 examiner factors (gender, profession, OSCE experience, examiner training...

This paper first analyzed two studies on rater factors and rating criteria to raise the problem of rater agreement. After that the author reveals the causes of discrepencies in rating administration by discussing rater variability and rater bias. The author argues that rater bias can not be eliminated completely, we can only reduce the error to a cetain degree by training raters. The study on r...

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for measuring the quality of the language and literacy environment in home-based settings. Based on a convergence of research on the ecological and psychological factors associated with early literacy development, the Child/Home Environmental Language and Literacy Observation (CHELLO) was developed to gauge the quality of curren...

BACKGROUND The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA-PS) is used worldwide by anesthesia providers as an assessment of the preoperative physical status of patients. This assessment score has been inconsistently assigned by anesthesia providers among adult surgical patients. This study tested the reliability of assignment of ASA-PS classification among pediatr...

This paper presents an annotation scheme for events that negatively or positively affect entities (benefactive/malefactive events) and for the attitude of the writer toward their agents and objects. Work on opinion and sentiment tends to focus on explicit expressions of opinions. However, many attitudes are conveyed implicitly, and benefactive/malefactive events are important for inferring impl...

PURPOSE To examine the inter-rater reliability and comparative validity of product-oriented and process-oriented measures of fundamental movement skills among children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD In total, 30 children with CP aged 6 to 14 years (Mean = 9.83, SD = 2.5) and classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III performed tasks of catching, throwing, ...

We introduce a project to enhance a valency lexicon of Czech verbs with semantic roles. For this purpose, we make use of FrameNet. At the present stage, frame elements from FrameNet have been mapped to valency complementations of verbs of communication and verbs of exchange. The feasibility of this task has been proven by the achieved inter-annotator agreement – 95.6% for the verbs of communica...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the interrater and intrarater reliability of spinal extension and flexion measurements using a skin-surface (Spinal Mouse; Idiag, Voletswil, Switzerland) instrument. METHODS Spinal curvature was measured during standing, full flexion, and full extension in 81 healthy children (10.6 +/- 1.7 years) by 3 raters on 2 separate occasions. Intraclas...