A new laser differential confocal radius measurement (DCRM) is proposed for high precision measurement of radius. Based on the property of an axial intensity curve that the absolute zero precisely corresponds to the focus of the objective in a differential confocal system (DCS), DCRM uses the zero point of the DCS axial intensity curve to precisely identify the cat's-eye and confocal positions ...

The cryogenic storage ring CSR is a 35 m circumference electrostatic ring, designed for molecularand atomic physics experiments at MPI-K Heidelberg. It will operate at pressures down to 10 mbar and temperatures <10 K. The beam intensities will be in the range of 1 nA to 1 μA, particle energies with between 20 300 keV. An intensity measurement for coasting beams below 1μA requires magnetic field...

Iterative algorithms for phase retrieval from intensity data are compared to gradient search methods. Both the problem of phase retrieval from two intensity measurements (in electron microscopy or wave front sensing) and the problem of phase retrieval from a single intensity measurement plus a non-negativity constraint (in astronomy) are considered, with emphasis on the latter. It is shown that...

The analytical solutions of the azimuthal deviation of a polarizer and an analyzer were obtained by polarizer-sample-analyzer ellipsometry with a three-intensity measurement technique. By performing two sets of this three-intensity measurement with the polarizer's azimuth set at 45 degrees and at -45 degrees , we were able to obtain a set of ellipsometric parameters free from the azimuthal devi...