Attempts to correlate measures of intellectual ability with localized anatomical imaging features of the brain have yielded variable findings distributed across frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. To better define the gray and white matter correlates of intellectual ability and the effects of sex and age, we analyzed the brains of 105 healthy individuals, ages 7-57 years, who had a Full Scal...

Polysomy of the X chromosome is a very rare disorder, and little information is available in the literature. Tetrasomy X was first reported in 1961 and only approximately 60 cases have been reported. Herein, we reported a 5-year-old girl with tetrasomy X, who presented to our clinics because of "short stature". She was born to a G2P2 mother at 39 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 3.5 kg...

Mental retardation is one of the major disorders in the category of development disabilities, the others being cerebral palsy, epilepsy and autism. The American Association on Mental Deficiency has defined mental retardation as "significantly sub-average intellectual functioning which exists concurrently with deficit in adaptive behavior, and is manifested during the developmental period"1. "Si...

A major challenge in neuroscience is finding which genes affect brain integrity, connectivity, and intellectual function. Discovering influential genes holds vast promise for neuroscience, but typical genome-wide searches assess approximately one million genetic variants one-by-one, leading to intractable false positive rates, even with vast samples of subjects. Even more intractable is the que...

Swift switching, along with atypical ability on updating and inhibition, has been found in non-clinical dissociators. However, whether swift switching is a cognitive endophenotype that intertwines with traumatisation and pathological dissociation remains unknown. Unspecified acute psychiatric patients were recruited to verify a hypothesis that pathological dissociation is associated with swift ...

Adversity quotient is the capacity to adjust with the adversities in life. A person with good Adversity quotient can achieve the goal by fighting against all odds. It is also related to many other factors like self esteem, motivation, fighting spirit, creativity, sincerity, positive attitude, optimism, emotional stability etc. Adversity quotient is also related to the Academic problems of stude...

BACKGROUND Research investigating cognition and behaviour in Sotos syndrome has been sporadic and to date, there is no published overview of study findings. METHOD A systematic review of all published literature (1964-2015) presenting empirical data on cognition and behaviour in Sotos syndrome. Thirty four journal articles met inclusion criteria. Within this literature, data relating to cogni...

The relation between breastfeeding and childhood cognitive development was examined in 1991-1993 among 439 school-age children weighing <1,500 g when born in the United States between 1991 and 1993. Measures of cognitive function included overall intellectual function, verbal ability, visual-spatial and visual-motor skill, and memory. Higher test scores for each domain of cognitive function exc...

Efforts to determine premorbid intellectual functioning for a patient prior to their current evaluation has been attempted using demographic information, current performance data, or a combination of both. Five of these premorbid intellectual prediction methods were assessed in a sample of 104 neurological patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation and a matched control sample. Predict...

Our brain is a complex network in which information is continuously processed and transported between spatially distributed but functionally linked regions. Recent studies have shown that the functional connections of the brain network are organized in a highly efficient small-world manner, indicating a high level of local neighborhood clustering, together with the existence of more long-distan...