Introduction Fluorine (F) is one of several trace elements receiving much attention owing to its possible harmful effects on health and environment. There are many methods used as the standard method of analysis of total F in soil. These include: ion selective electrode (ISE); X–ray fluorescence (XRF); Ion chromatography; Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA); and Atomic and molecular...

In this paper contend with the determination of offline, optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system using Adaptive Tabu Search (ATS) algorithm is presented. Parameter of this PID controller is obtained by minimizing the performance index such as integrated absolute error (IAE), the integral of squared error (ISE), and the ...

This paper presents a novel high-speed BCH (hamming) decoder that corrects single-bit errors in parallel and multiple-bit errors corrects serial manner. The proposed decoder is constructed by a novel design and is suitable for nanoscale memory systems, in which multiple-bit errors occur at a probability comparable to single-bit errors and multiple errors occur at a higher probability. To preven...

This paper presents a modified integral sliding surface, sliding mode control law for pneumatic artificial muscles. The cutoff frequency tuning parameter λ is squared to increase the gradient from absement (integral of position) to position and higher derivatives to reflect the more dominant terms in the actuator dynamics. The sliding mode controller is coupled with proportional and integral ac...

The combined effect of green tea ingestion and interval sprinting exercise on body and abdominal fat of overweight males was investigated. Participants were randomly assigned into control (C), green tea (GT), interval sprinting exercise (ISE), and green tea and ISE (GT + ISE) groups. The GT, GT + ISE, and C groups consumed three GT capsules daily. The ISE and GT + ISE groups completed 36 ISE se...

This paper presents ocean wave energy control using the Aquila optimization (AO) technique. An oscillating water column (OWC)-type converter has been considered that is fitted with a Wells turbine and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). To achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT), rotor speed of DFIG must be controlled as per MPPT law. The law designed in such way flow coefficient remains...

Whether a matrix A over a complex field is singular square, or rectangular, it has always a generalized inverse (g-inverse) over the (complex) field. The true inverse exists only when ,4 is nonsingular (i.e., a square matrix whose determinant is not zero). However, a g-inverse of an m x n matrix of rank r involves considerable errors if the rth order submatrices are near-singular. Further, the ...