Post-hoc explanation methods for machine learning models have been widely used to support decision-making. Counterfactual Explanation (CE), also known as Actionable Recourse, is one of the post-hoc that provides a perturbation vector alters prediction result obtained from classifier. Users can directly interpret an “action” obtain their desired decision results. However, actions extracted by ex...

ASTRO-FOLD is an integrated methodology for the first principles structure prediction of proteins based on an overall deterministic global optimization framework coupled with mixed-integer optimization. The novel four-stage approach combines the classical and new views of protein folding, while using free energy calculations and integer linear optimization to predict the location of helical seg...