In pancreatic β-cells, liver hepatocytes, and cardiomyocytes, chronic exposure to high levels of fatty acids (lipotoxicity) inhibits autophagic flux and concomitantly decreases lysosomal acidity. Whether impaired lysosomal acidification is causally inhibiting autophagic flux and cellular functions could not, up to the present, be determined because of the lack of an approach to modify lysosomal...

A novel selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for insulin detection has been fabricated and investigated. The electrochemical sensor was made from a mixture of silica gel, chitosan and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanoparticles, which was mounted on a silver wire and covered by a glass tube (silica gel/chitosan/Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles paste electrode). The sensor was characterized using cy...

A recent advance in nanotechnology is the scale-up production of small and nonaggregated diamond nanoparticles suitable for biological applications. Using detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) with an average diameter of ∼4 nm as the adsorbents, we have studied the static attachment of three proteins (myoglobin, bovine serum albumin, and insulin) onto the nanoparticles by optical spectroscopy, mass spe...

BACKGROUND Insulin is the drug therapy for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A number of attempts have been made in the past to overcome the problems associated with the oral delivery of insulin, but with little success. Orally administered insulin has encountered with many difficulties such as rapid degradation and poor intestinal absorption. The potential use of D-α-tocophero...

Gliclazide is an oral hypoglycaemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus T2DM. has low solubility in stomach and poor absorption bioavailability. The pH-dependent gliclazide influences intra- inter-subject variability. purpose this study was to develop, optimize evaluate pH-sensitive nanoparticles (NPs) based on Eudragit® S100 polymer delivery (GLZ) attempt im...

Glucose- and temperature-sensitive polymers of a phenylboronic acid derivative and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (poly(3-acrylamidophenyl boronic acid-b-diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate); p(AAPBA-b-DEGMA)) were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Successful polymerization was evidenced by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectrosc...

The primary objective of this study was to develop a particulate formulation for peptide delivery that would provide enhanced peptide stability, controlled release and the potential for targeting to specific tissues. Biodegradable hydrophobic particles were prepared from poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) by both solvent evaporation and solvent diffusion methods. Bovine insulin was chosen a...

Nanomedicine is defined as integration of nanotechnology in medicine for the better human health care. The burgeoning new field of nanomedicine opened up by rapid advances in health care, creates myriad new opportunities for advancing medical science and disease treatment in human health care. Worldwide around 230 million people have been affected by Diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder du...