An extremely short instrumental response function for a single-photon-counting system has been obtained by using a low-jitter photomultiplier tube, fast amplification of the single photoelectron pulse from this photomultiplier, a constant fraction discriminator with a wide bandwidth input, and a stable reference timing signal. This synchronously mode-locked laser system has been shown to be cap...

Miller and Shettleworth (2007) used an associative model of instrumental choice to explain a confusing pattern of results in the geometry learning literature. Dupuis and Dawson (in press) identified a structural flaw in the Miller-Shettleworth (MS) model and suggested replacing it with an operant perceptron model which can correctly reproduce some experimental results that the MS model does not...

The main premise of this paper is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication, has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrum...

Based on an analysis of various clinical data, the assumption was recently expressed that the often observed in vivo increased fluorescence of endogenous porphyrins in living biological tissues is a consequence of the status of chronic hypoxia in the tissues. Starting from this, this article discusses the accuracy, reproducibility, and information content of methods of in vivo laser fluorescenc...

The moment conditions or estimating equations for instrumental variables quantile regression involves the discontinuous indicator function. We instead use smoothed estimating equations, with bandwidth h. This is known to allow higherorder expansions that justify bootstrap refinements for inference. Computation of the estimator also becomes simpler and more reliable, especially with (more) endog...

Mid-infrared solar absorption spectra recorded by a state-of-the-art ground-based FTIR system have the potential to provide precise total O3 amounts. The currently bestperforming retrieval approaches use a combination of small and broad spectral O3 windows between 780 and 1015 cm−1. We show that for these approaches the uncertainties of the temperature profile are by far the major error sources...

Q, Cash Flow and Investment: An Econometric Critique The effects of measurement and speci…cation error on estimates of the Q and cash ‡ow model of investment are investigated. Two sources of error are considered: expensing of R&D expenditures and failing to identify that component of cash ‡ow which relaxes …nancing constraints. We apply random-effects and instrumental variables estimators to a ...

We analyze an adaptive discontinuous finite element method (ADFEM) for symmetric second order linear elliptic operators. The method is formulated on nonconforming meshes made of simplices or quadrilaterals, with any polynomial degree and in any dimension ≥ 2. We prove that the ADFEM is a contraction for the sum of the energy error and the scaled error estimator, between two consecutive adaptive...

The Electrocardiogram is commonly used technique for non-invasive analysis of the electrical activity of the heart in real-time. Electrocardiographic signals can be degraded by different types of noises like power-line interference, electrode contact, motion artifacts, muscle contraction, baseline drift, instrumental noise and electrosurgical noise. Baseline noise is low frequency signal caused...

In variational data assimilation, an optimal analysis is derived from the knowledge of background and observation error statistics. According to Daley (1993), the observation error can be divided into two components: the instrumental error of a measuring device and the representativeness error of an observation operator. The first one is often considered to be a white Gaussian noise, whereas th...