Schools and school leadership have continued to be scrutinized by the legislature and public. With the passage of such laws as No Child Left Behind in 2001, the accountability standard of public schools has risen to all-time levels. This literature review seeks to discover the effects school leaders have on student achievement. This literature review will look at a variety of leadership styles,...

A teacher's self-efficacy does not only affects the performance as an educator but also directly learning processes of students. Therefore, it is important to look into things that affect a self-efficacy. Several factors can influence level teacher, including leadership style and practices school leaders. This study aims identify 21st-century instructional practices, teacher relationship betwee...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact instructional leadership and school culture in school-level, academic self-efficacy socioeconomic status student-level on achievement. conducted with 194 teachers 948 students at 30 schools Çankırı province. sample was composed stratified sampling technique considering number schools. In 2017-2018 year, responded Organizational Culture Scal...

We examined emergent leadership in small online collaborative learning groups of pre-service math and science teachers. Groups worked online to design interdisciplinary instructional units. We employed a distributed leadership framework (Spillane, 2007) and adapted a coding system previously developed by Li, et al. (2007) to determine that group leadership was highly distributed among participa...