Our view on the deep universe has been so far biased towards optically bright galaxies. Now, the measurement of the Cosmic Infrared Background in FIRAS and DIRBE residuals, and the observations of FIR/submm sources by the ISOPHOT and SCUBA instruments begin unveiling the “optically dark side” of galaxy formation. Though the origin of dust heating is still unsolved, it appears very likely that a...

This paper concerns a formal model to help the simulation of agent societies where institutional roles and institutional links can be specified operationally. That is, this paper concerns institutional roles that can be specified in terms of a minimal behavioral capability that an agent should have in order to enact that role and, thus, to perform the set of institutional functions that role is...

In this paper, we explore how actors benefit from bringing together incompatible institutional logics – an activity call arbitrage and discuss why they do so despite the challenges it creates. We develop a taxonomy of four basic tactics that are rooted in differences between terms resource valuation, purpose, practices legitimacy. These enable to create benefits by engaging with fields adhering...

triple helix model (th) collaborations involving university, industry and government provide a networked infrastructure for shaping the dynamic fluxes of knowledge base of innovations locally and these fluxes remain emergent within the domains. in this article first the knowledge-based economy, national system of innovation, and three models of uig relations which represent different triple hel...

the main object of this paper is to find out the impact of economic and institutional factors on export of services in considering the example of oic countries. panel data method as an econometrics approach is used for estimating models. results show that variables such as gdp per capita, the real exchange rate, foreign direct investment, and information infrastructures have positive and signif...

A generic approach for compliance assessment of interoperability artifacts to any applicable industry standard is elaborated and discussed. The paper also introduces an interoperability meaning diagram and extends semantic compliance definitions and rules proposed in [1]. Compliance to an industry standard such as IEC CIM can be achieved for information models and end-points’ model and design a...

26 Background: Distance from home to school is an important influence on the decision 27 to use active transport (AT); however, ecological perspectives would suggest this relationship 28 may be moderated by individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors. This study 29 investigates whether (i) gender, (ii) biological maturation, (iii) perceived family support for 30 physical activity (PA),...

By examining several different types of open institutions including open source software, open science and open square, this paper presents a general analysis of open institutional structure that is complementary to traditional proprietary mode. We argue that open institutions are essentially about decentralized production of a collective good that relies on voluntary collaboration of highly va...

In a market economy, entrepreneurs are businessmen who start a new business or expand an existing business by integrating production factors. In an emerging market economy, where market institutions are being established, in order to start or expand a successful business, a businessman not only has to possess the same ability as their counterpart in a market economy, he also has to overcome man...