Soil nematodes are key components of soil food web and, through their metabolic activities, play a crucial role in carbon (C) cycling. Aboveground and belowground plant C inputs can directly, or indirectly via microbes, modify nematode abundance community composition. differ chemical composition, amounts, frequency, so we hypothesized that the two input pathways affect communities differently. ...

this paper proposes an alternative approach for efficiency analysis when a set of dmus uses interval scale variables in the productive process. to test the influence of these variables, we present a general approach of deriving dea models to deal with the variables. we investigate a number of performance measures with unrestricted-in-sign interval and/or interval scale variables.

in this paper, by investigating the common weights concept and dea models with nonlinear virtual inputs/outputs, we introduce a model for evaluating the decision making units with nonlinear virtual inputs and outputs based on the common weights.

Resource allocation and optimal leveling are among the top challenges in project management. This paper presents a DEA-based procedure for determining an optimal level of inputs to produce a fixed level of outputs. To achieve this goal, we assume that the levels of outputs can be forecasted in the next season and the procedure will determine optimal level of inputs for all DMUs. Such as some of...

the calculation of rts amounts to measuring a relationship between inputs and outputs in a production structure. there are many methods to measure rts in the primal space or the dual space. one of the main approaches is using the multiplier on the convexity constraint. but returns to scale measurements in dea models are affected by the presence of regulatory constraints. these additional constr...

in the process of production, some of the inputs are fixed and cannot easily be changed, such as work hours of workers and hours of administrative or work, these types of inputs are fixed and others are variables. in this paper, by considering some inputs or outputs which are limited, their amounts must be integrated; this concept for integer data is extended. we show the importance of subject ...

In spite of the development of various improved cultivars of maize, yield in Nigeria has continued to be hampered by the over cropped nature of most farmlands as well as a wide range of pests and diseases. This study therefore carried out an analysis of agro-chemical inputs’ use in maize production among small scale farmers in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun State. Specifically, the study inv...