background calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iiα (camkiiα) may modulate the function of mu-opioid receptors by phosphorylation and therefore, be involved in development of morphine-induced analgesic tolerance. objectives the current study aimed to examine changes in gene expression of camkiiα in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain during induction of morphine analgesic tolerance. materi...

Based on Cassini observations, we report representative electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave events observed in Saturn's magnetosphere within remote plasma injections. Unlike local injections, injections are “older” injection that have evolved to form a dispersed signature particle energy spectrum. We show Saturnian ECH waves present strong fundamental band and much weaker high ...

long-acting (depot) anti-psychotic injection (lai) is an essential component of the treatment of schizophrenia. in this editorial, the journal tries to give a short account of the current ideas and practical aspects of lai, with respect to the iranian experience. two categories of the long-acting injections are discussed mainly regarding their dosage, intervals of their injections and availabil...

LeanBoost lipotropic injection is a mixture of compounds that may aid in the reduction of adipose tissue (fat). The mixture of compounds individually may be effective, however in combination they may exhibit more lipotropic activity than when administered alone in a synergistic fashion. Injection of this mixture of lipotropic compounds may be more effective than oral supplementation, this is du...

We study those Artin groups which, modulo their centers, are finite index subgroups of the mapping class group of a punctured sphere. In particular, we show that any injective homomorphism between these groups is parameterized by a homeomorphism of a punctured disk together with a homomorphism to the integers. The technique, following Ivanov, is to prove that every superinjective map of the com...

inhibition of prostaglandin (pgs) production leads to decrease in orthodontic tooth movement (otm). it is not known whether inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) or cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) is the key mechanism for this effect. in this study, the effect of celecoxib, a highly-selective cox-2 inhibitor, was investigated on otm in rats.four groups of male rats (seven animals in each goup) were u...

since its first description of botulism toxicity in 1820s, specific formulations of botulinum neurotoxin (bont) have been introduced with different clinical benefits. however, there is increasing number of adverse events reported to food and drug administration. this report presents the case of 62-year-old woman with parkinson’s disease who received bont injections to treat painful spasticity i...

Soft tissue rheumatism includes a wide spectrum of common lesions of the tendons, enthesis, tendon sheaths, bursae, ligaments and fasciae as well as nerve compression syndromes. Studies on the pathogenesis of these lesions do not support a major role for inflammation, thus questioning the rationale for glucocorticoid injections. This chapter reviews current indications for local glucocorticoid ...

Background. Myocardial opacification during echocardiography has been demonstrated after left (LA) and right (RA) atrial injections of contrast, and microvascular damage with reduced blood flow and impaired flow reserve has been documented in necrotic myocardial tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that because of its ability to depict capillary perfusion, myocardial contrast echocardiography (MC...