Photosynthetic data collected from Pisum sativum L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants at different stages of development were related to symbiotic N(2) fixation in the root nodules. The net carbon exchange rate of each leaf varied directly with carboxylation efficiency and inversely with the CO(2) compensation point. Net carbon exchange of the lowest leaves reputed to supply fixed carbon to root...

OBJECTIVE Internal fixation devices are commonly used in the surgical treatment of many orthopedic conditions. Their prolonged presence, however, has been associated with potential complications. Many surgeons advocate the routine removal of internal fixation in the pediatric age group. In this report we present our experience with removal of internal fixation in pediatric patients and evaluate...

Intrachromosomal gene conversion is the non-reciprocal transfer of information between a pair of repeated genes on a single chromosome. This process produces eventual sequence homogeneity within a family of repeated genes. An evolutionary model for a single chromosome lineage was formulated and analyzed. Expressions were derived for the fixation probability, mean time to fixation or loss, and m...

Clinically significant laxity occurs in 10%-30% of knees after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Graft slippage and tension loss at the hamstring graft tibial fixation site during and after reconstruction surgery contribute to postoperative joint laxity and are detrimental to long-term knee stability and graft properties. Limiting graft slippage will reduce associated complications. We...

BACKGROUND Failed patellar fracture fixation is rare, and is usually attributed to technical errors. There are no specific details available on how to address this problem. We present our two-tension-band technique for fixing patellar fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between March 2010 and March 2013, 4 men and 2 women with failed fixation patellar fractures were treated in our department. Their...

The goal of rotator cuff repairs is to achieve high initial fixation strength, minimize gap formation, maintain mechanical stability under cyclic loading, and optimize the biology of the tendon-bone interface until the cuff heals biologically to the bone. We have seen an evolution in our approaches to fixing rotator cuff tears from open to mini-open to all arthroscopic. In our arthroscopic tech...

Despite excellent outcomes with cemented tibial components in total knee arthroplasty, it still is debated whether the tibial stem should be cemented and what the optimal tibial stem design should be. Proponents of full cementation of the tibial stem and component state that better short-term and long-term component fixation is achieved when full cementation is used. Advocates for surface cemen...

Thai has an alphabetic script with a distinctive feature - it has no spaces between words. Since previous research with spaced alphabetic systems (e.g., English) has suggested that readers use spaces to guide eye movements, it is of interest to investigate what physical factors might guide Thai readers' eye movements. Here the effects of word-initial and word-final position-specific character f...