Inhibiting antibodies targeting receptor-binding pockets in proteins is a major focus in the development of vaccines and in antibody-based therapeutic strategies. Here, by using a common mannose-specific fimbrial adhesin of Escherichia coli, FimH, we demonstrate that locking the adhesin in a low-binding conformation induces the production of binding pocket-specific, adhesion-inhibiting antibodi...

background: monoclonal antibodies have been employed extensively for the identification of leishmania species, development of diagnostic tests and in the characterization of defined leishmanial antigens. objectives: identification and characterization of  leishmania spp. directly from cutaneous lesions of infected individuals. methods: an immunoperoxidase test (avidin-biotin technique) using mo...

BACKGROUND Nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella are a leading cause of death among HIV-infected Africans. Antibody-induced complement-mediated killing protects healthy Africans against Salmonella, but increased levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies in some HIV-infected African adults block this killing. The objective was to understand how these high levels of anti-LPS antibodies inte...

Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are immune checkpoint inhibitors that effectively esteemed destinations of immunotherapies for the management melanoma several cancers. The monotherapy included monoclonal antibodies approved such as Ipilimumab, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab planned to restrict with T-cell inhibitory signals activate response...

Antibodies targeting T-cell inhibitory pathways, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, are emerging as an important class of cancer therapeutics, and a next generation of immunomodulatory therapies targeting alternative inhibitory (e.g. TIM-3, LAG-3, B7-H4, B7-H3, VISTA, A2aR), as well as co-stimulatory (e.g. CD27, OX40, GITR, CD137), pathways are poised to join them. Most of these immunomodulatory an...

We recently described tolerance induction with factor VIII/IX, cyclophosphamide, and high-dose intravenous IgG in hemophilia A or B patients with coagulation inhibitory antibodies. Circulating noninhibitory antibodies complexed with factor IX have been demonstrated in tolerant hemophilia B patients. Similar findings are now described in six tolerant hemophilia A patients. Complexes between fact...

The review presents the results of clinical studies efficacy and safety Tenoten children’s in treatment anxiety, neurotic, stress-related somatoform disorders adjustment disorders. Technologically processed antibodies to S100 protein drugs change conformation protein, which is considered as a pathological link development anxiety states, well neurodegenerative diseases. well-studied daytime anx...

background: the study was targeted to report the appearance of coproantigens in feces and circulating antibodies in the serum of fasciola gigantica  experimentally infected rabbits. methods: copro hyper immune serum (his) and excretory-secretory hyper immune serum (es his) antigens were used in a sandwich elisa for the detection of f. gigantica antigens in feces of 12 rabbits experimentally inf...

mycoplasma genitalium (m.genitalium) is a sexually transmitted pathogen. detection of this microorganism in clinical specimens by culture is rather difficult and time consuming. the aim of this study was to produce polyclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide from p110 protein of m.genitalium in order to develop a diagnostic tool for detection of this microorganism in clinical specimens. a s...