Introduction: The brachial plexus is responsible for the innervation to the upper limb and some parts of the thorax. Variations in the branching of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported in 65.3% of the population. The variations (Atypical communication) of brachial plexus have significant clinical and surgical importance. Methods: In this study 10 upper limbs which belonged...

brachial plexus injury (bpi) is an uncommon complication of median sternotomy capable of causing a permanent or transitory sensitivity and/or motor function impairment in the upper limbs. during a cardiac surgery through sternotomy, for the assessment of the thoracic cage configuration and the site of mediastinal structures, a broader surgical field may be required. if the sternal retractors ar...

introduction: median nerve (mn), one of terminal branches of brachial plexus, is commonly associated with several variations. this research aimed to review the literature related to the variations of mn from axillary region to cubital fossa. methods: we searched google scholar, science direct, springer, and pubmed electronic databases to compile reports related to the variation of mn published ...

A previously described infraclavicular brachial plexus block may be modified by using a more lateral needle insertion point, while the patient abducts the arm 45° or 90°. In performing the modified block on patients abducting 45°, we often had problems finding the cords of the brachial plexus. Therefore, we designed an anatomic study to describe the ability of the recommended needle direction t...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective volume of lidocaine 1.5% with epinephrine 5 μg/mL in 90% of patients (MEV(90)) for single-injection ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block (ICB). METHODS Using an in-plane technique, a single-injection ultrasound-guided ICB was performed: a 17-gauge, 8-cm Tuohy needle was advanced until the tip was located dorsal to the ...