There are two sources for governments to raise their revenues. The first is the direct taxation levied on output, and the second is seigniorage. Seigniorage is also known as printing new money and is defined as the value of real resources acquired by the government through its power of sovereignty on its monopoly of printing money. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Laffer curve for Se...

Two policy instruments for the banking sector are investigated, namely systemic risk taxation and constructive ambiguity about bailout policy. Bailout expectations can induce moral hazard in the form of excessive risk taking by banks. Systemic risk taxation induces banks to prefer uncorrelated investments, leading to lower systemic risk formation. Constructive ambiguity generates uncertainty ab...

Double taxation treaties are intended to eliminate double taxation, thereby encouraging FDI, and prevent tax evasion, which previous literature argues will have a negative effect on FDI. Using a segmented data set and matching econometrics, I show that double taxation treaties have no effect on FDI from developed to less developed countries and substantiate why: Developed countries unilaterally...

This paper shows that in a one-sector real business cycle model with strong increasing returns in production, progressive taxation of labor income can stabilize the economy against sunspot ‡uctuations, even when the capital tax schedule is ‡at. This result is consistent with the U.S. tax code in which labor-income taxation is more progressive than capital-income taxation.

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Abstract: “Was taxation so heavy in the Russian transition that firms could not stay afloat?” is the question that this paper aims to answer. It details the fiscal structure and uses data from a number of sources to calculate statutory tax rates faced by businesses in 1995. The results show that statutory rates were manageable in the short run but unsustainable for several sectors in the long r...

This article presents simulation estimates of the income-distributional effects in 1994 of several proposals to modify the taxation of Social Security benefits under the Federal personal income tax. Under the benefit-taxation provisions that have been in effect since 1984, up to 50 percent of benefits are included in taxable income for taxpayers with incomes above certain thresholds. In 1994 ab...

This article presents simulation estimates of the income-distributional effects in 1994 of several proposals to modify the taxation of Social Security benefits under the Federal personal income tax. Under the benefit-taxation provisions that have been in effect since 1984, up to 50 percent of benefits are included in taxable income for taxpayers with incomes above certain thresholds. In 1994 ab...

Health Economics and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia, 2 Federal Research Institute for Public Health Organization and Information (CNIIOIZ), Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 4 Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA, 5 Faculty of Medical Scienc...

BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been available for purchase in the USA since 2007, and have grown rapidly in popularity. Currently, there are no federal restrictions on e-cigarettes; therefore, any regulations are under the purview of state and/or local governments. This study examines state laws governing e-cigarettes through youth access restrictions, smoke-free air requi...