Linnebo in 2018 argues that abstract objects like numbers are “thin” because they only required to be referents of singular terms abstraction principles, such as Hume's principle. As the specification existence claims made by analytic truths (the principles), their does not make any substantial demands world; however, notes, there is a potential counter-argument concerning infinite regress agai...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a slow loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to significant decrease in dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum. Currently used drugs, such as levodopa (L-DOPA), amantadine, dopamine agonists (D) or anticholinergic drugs, are not effective enough, and do not elim...

Leigh Ellis and Massimo Loda Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115...

Does the external world exist, as it so concretely seems? Perhaps not, says the Cartesian skeptic. After all, if you were dreaming or hallucinating, if an evil demon were bent on deceiving you, or if, god forbid, you were a brain in a vat, things might appear to you in just the same way. Why think, then, that you are experiencing good old reality rather than some dream or other fiction? Absent ...

The HIV epidemic has resulted in a renewed interest by social scientists in stigmatization and in a corresponding need to reconceptualize stigma, especially its relationship to power. While the professions have some power to control stigma, the emergence of self-help and mutual aid groups such as those founded by the gay activists involved in the AIDS epidemic, has shown that patients are not s...