introduction : achieving successful anesthesia and performing pain-free root canal treatment are important aims in dentistry. this is not always achievable and therefore, practitioners are constantly seeking newer techniques, equipments, and anesthetic solutions for this very purpose. the aim of this review is to introduce strategies to achieve profound anesthesia particularly in difficult case...

objective: anesthetic techniques like the akinosi technique were introduced to surmount the problems of the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (ianb) technique. this study aimed to compare the local anesthetic efficacy of ianb via the conventional and akinosi techniques in patients presenting to the maxillofacial surgery department of school of dentistry, shahid beheshti university. met...

background and aims . dentists administer thousands of local anesthetic injections every day. injection to a highly vascular area such as pterygomandibular space during an inferior alveolar nerve block has a high risk of intravascular needle entrance. accidental intravascular injection of local anesthetic agent with vasoconstrictor may result in cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicit...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Evaluate the effects of asymmetric superior laryngeal nerve stimulation on the vibratory phase, laryngeal posture, and acoustics. STUDY DESIGN Basic science study using an in vivo canine model. METHODS The superior laryngeal nerves were symmetrically and asymmetrically stimulated over eight activation levels to mimic laryngeal asymmetries representing various levels of...

Many variations exist in the branching pattern of the aortic arch. One variation exists in which there is a common origin of the carotid arteries, known as a bicarotid trunk, coexisting with a retroesophageal right subclavian artery. This anomaly is associated with a right non-recurrent laryngeal nerve. Aortic arch anomalies are clinically applicable to the fields of anatomy, radiology, general...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To develop a reliable and safe laryngeal nerve conduction technique and to obtain consistent parameters as normal reference values. STUDY DESIGN A prospective single-arm study. METHODS A nerve conduction test was performed on the contralateral normal side in 42 patients with unilateral vocal fold palsy. The recording was performed in the intact thyroarytenoid muscle us...

neurofibromatosis is a benign neurogenic tumor, originatig from schwann cells of the nerve sheath. this tumor forms a round, white mass on the course of the involved nerve. it occurs sporadically or in association with von recklinghausen's disease. laryngeal involvement is a rare occasion that affects women more than men (f/m ratio 3:2). the most common symptoms are hoarseness, dyspnea and dysp...

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of lymph node (LN) metastases from thoracic esophageal carcinoma near the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the influence of these metastases on patient prognosis and to determine the reasonable regional LN dissection range. The clinical data from 120 patients who underwent resection for thoracic esophageal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. LN...

PURPOSE Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage remains one of the most devastating complications of thyroid surgery. However, nerve identification is not always easy, and a reliable method to locate nerves intraoperatively is needed. METHODS Thirty consecutive patients were anesthetized for elective thyroid surgery using a standard technique. Indications for surgery covered a broad spectrum of cond...