BACKGROUND Zimbabwe is the largest tobacco producer in Africa. Despite expressing opposition in the past, Zimbabwe recently acceded to the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). We explored why Zimbabwe acceded to the FCTC and the potential implications for tobacco control within Zimbabwe and globally. METHODS We conducted a qualitative archival case study...

background: although upper-extremity disability correlates with psychosocial aspects of illness the association with sleep disturbance in upper extremity disability is less certain. to evaluate whether sleep disturbance is associated with upper-extremity disability among patients with upper extremity illness, accounting for sociodemographic, condition-related, and psychosocial factors. methods:...

AbstractThe interference of the native language in acquiring a foreign language is unavoidable. In an attempt to explore the phenomenon why this occurs, the study was conducted in English as a foreign language writing. The study also investigated how the native language interference occurred in the writing process. In fact, this qualitative study explored the reasons and the process of na...

abstractthe interference of the native language in acquiring a foreign language is unavoidable. in an attempt to explore the phenomenon why this occurs, the study was conducted in english as a foreign language writing. the study also investigated how the native language interference occurred in the writing process. in fact, this qualitative study explored the reasons and the process of native l...

In accordance with the Costa theorem, the interference which is independent of the channel input and known non-causally at the transmitter, does not affect the capacity of the Gaussian channel. In some applications, the known interference depends on the input and hence has some information. In this paper, we study the channel with input dependent interference and prove a capacity theorem that n...

With the development of automobile industry, automobile glass type and quantity increased quickly. Automobile glass not only protects the passenger, but also affects the security, appearance of automobile and passenger’s comfort. As a result, optical performance of automobile glass, which is the most parameter, has provoked the attention of manufacturer and consumer. At present, the detection t...

John B. Masiunas Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801 Field experiments were conducted to quantify functional relationships between giant ragweed density and sweet corn yield and ear traits. A rectangular hyperbolic model was fit to yield loss measured in terms of marketable ear mass, appropriate for the pr...

a two year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the competitive effects of wild mustard densities growing with rapeseed (cultivar talaye) under different nitrogen rates. treatments were wild mustard densities (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 plant m-2) and nitrogen (n) rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg n ha-1). the factorial set of treatments was arranged into a randomized complete block design ...

in this paper a new algorithm is presented for coherent radar detection of targets, when distribution of the interference (clutter and noise) is non-gaussian. the neyman-pearson criterion is used for optimal detection and several successive received samples from a radar range cell are used for detection in the same cell. on the basis of recent empirical evidences, the interference distribution ...

Increased demand of restaurant-goers generated the need for much attention for the hospitality industry. Providing much option with ease of ordering and delivering is the need of the hours. Technological interference has become mandatory to improve the quality of the service and business in this industry. Evidences are already existed for partial automation of food ordering process in the count...