Remote sensing has considerable potential to contribute to the identification and reconstruction of lost hydrological systems and networks. Remote sensing-based reconstructions of palaeo-river networks have commonly employed single or limited time-span imagery, which limits their capacity to identify features in complex and varied landscape contexts. This paper presents a seasonal multi-tempora...

In this research, feedforwardANN (Artificial Neural Network) model is developed and validated for predicting the pH at 10 different locations of the distribution system of drinking water of Hyderabad city. The developed model is MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) with back propagation algorithm.The data for the training and testing of the model are collected through an experimental analysis on weekly ...

The present study was conducted to analyze heavy metals concentrations from surface water of the Indus River. Forty-one samples were collected from 26 stations. The section of the river surveyed ranged from Kashmor to Keti-Bander. Samples were collected during preand post-monsoon seasons in 2011. The six heavy metals cadmium, iron, zinc, lead, mercury and copper were analyzed to study the surfa...

Abstract The Indus River is proclaimed as second most plastic-polluted rivers of the world. This river principal Pakistan and supplies freshwater for agriculture human consumption. Its terminus into northern Arabian Sea creates a unique ecosystem that supports variety aquatic organisms. In this study we have evaluate heavy metal concentration in fishes sampled from IRE. Muscle tissues five fish...

South Asian river dolphins (Platanista gangetica) are among the most endangered of world's cetaceans. The two subspecies in family Platanistidae, Indus, and Ganges (P. g. minor P. gangetica), both threatened by dams barrages, declining flows, fisheries bycatch, pollution. We examine differences external skull morphology between each system to clarify their taxonomic status. Skulls from could ea...

The collapse of the Bronze Age Harappan, one of the earliest urban civilizations, remains an enigma. Urbanism flourished in the western region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain for approximately 600 y, but since approximately 3,900 y ago, the total settled area and settlement sizes declined, many sites were abandoned, and a significant shift in site numbers and density towards the east is recorded. We...

The present study was aimed to document detailed ethnopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plants against livestock infections of an unexplored remote region of Pakistan. Semistructured questionnaires were used for data collection. Total 43 plants belonging to 26 families were found to be used in ethnoveterinary practices. Seeds (29%) were found to be the most frequent plant part used followe...

Cereal grains play a pivotal role in the rise and character of the Indus civilization. Archaeologists have traditionally focused their attention on the large-grained crops of wheat and barley while often minimizing the importance of the smaller-grainedmillets. Both environmental and cultural variables influence crop selection in the past as well as today. This paper explores the role and signif...

The recently discovered Indus stellar stream exhibits a diverse chemical signature compared to what is found for most other streams due the abundances of two outlier stars, Indus$\_$0 and Indus$\_$13. Indus$\_$13, an extreme enhancement in rapid neutron-capture ($r$-)process elements with $\mathrm{[Eu/Fe]} = +1.81$. It thus provides direct evidence accreted nature $r$-process enhanced stars. In...

The Indus River dolphin, sometimes known as the blind is a freshwater cetacean that exclusively found in Pakistan's River. IUCN Red List of vulnerable species lists dolphin endangered due to an 80% drop its distribution range and habitat has been badly disrupted by dams degraded water diversions. member one oldest families cetaceans, which separated about 29 million years ago, or roughly 22 bef...