A single crystal-based organic light-emitting device (OLED) with intrinsically polarized and color-tunable electroluminescence (EL) has been demonstrated without any subsequent treatment. The polarization ratio of 5:1 for the transversal-electric (TE) and transversal-magnetic (TM) polarization at the emission peak of 575 nm, and 4.7:1 for the TM to TE polarization at the emission peak of 635 nm...

We analyze the transmission characteristics of a Sagnac loop interferometer containing a polarization-dependent loss element and lossless polarization-converting elements by use of Jones matrices. We show that polarization independence in the transmission mode can be achieved in such a configuration and that maximum transmittance occurs when a half-wave plate is used for the polarization-conver...

Fulgide is well-known as a thermally irreversible organic photochromic compound [1,2]. It is one of the important materials in the field of optical signal processing and optical storage. Focusing on the holographic storage applications of 3indoly-benzylfulgimide/PMMA film, in this chapter include the following themes. In section 2, first the Fulgide, photochroism and photo-induced anisotropy ar...

Macrophages are the first line of defense against pathogens. Upon infection macrophages usually produce high levels of proinflammatory mediators. However, macrophages can undergo an alternate polarization leading to a permissive state. In assessing global macrophage responses to the bacterial agent of Whipple's disease, Tropheryma whipplei, we found that T. whipplei induced M2 macrophage polari...

Stress-induced changes in the imprint and switching behavior of ~111!-oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ~PZT!-based capacitors have been studied using piezoresponse force microscopy. Visualization of polarization distribution and d33-loop measurements in individual 131.5-mm 2 capacitors before and after stress application, generated by substrate bending, provided direct experimental evidence of stress-induc...