the counseling system is the one of the basis on which all social and political affairs are presented and investigated through public and political consultation in the form of discussions and free conversations. in the counseling system, it is the public wisdom and agreement that leads to the selection and determination of rulers, social and political constructs and institutions, codifying and ...

contrary to majority of islamic jurists, those who believe in singularity of reality and a certain rule in disagreement cases, in opinion of some of the scholars, the truth and the rule is plural and all of the jurist(modjtahedin) are just. imam mohammad ghazzali is one of these scholars. in his opinion, the theory of proscription (takteah) is incorrect and contradictory. with the exception of ...

Tracking user interests over time is important for making accurate recommendations. However, the widely-used time-decay-based approach worsens the sparsity problem because it deemphasizes old item transactions. We introduce two ideas to solve the sparsity problem. First, we divide the users’ transactions into epochs i.e. time periods, and identify epochs that are dominated by interests similar ...