Robustness to genetic or environmental disturbances is often considered as a key property of living systems. Yet, in spite being discussed since the 1950s, how robustness emerges from complexity architectures and it evolves still remains unclear. In particular, whether not independent various sources perturbations conditions range adaptive scenarios that can be considered. For instance, selecti...

Hereditary Huntington's disease (HD) is associated with progressive motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. A primary consequence of the HD mutation is the preferential loss of medium spiny projection cells with relative sparing of local interneurons in the striatum. In addition, among GABAergic striatal projection cells, indirect pathway cells expressing D2 dopamine receptors are lost earli...

Proximal promoters are fundamental genomic elements for gene expression. They vary in terms of GC percentage, CpG abundance, presence of TATA signal, evolutionary conservation, chromosomal spread of transcription start sites and breadth of expression across cell types. These properties are correlated, and it has been suggested that there are two classes of promoters: one class with high CpG, wi...

Background: It was proposed that probiotics may influence immune system through direct or indirect exposure. Direct exposure is mostly mediated by surface receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are conserved molecular sensors which could be triggered via some pathogen associated structures, hence, modulate the immune responses. This study was conducted to elucidate the impact of lactobacillus ac...

Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important viral pathogen of cattle causing several clinical syndromes. There are usually no pathognomonic clinical signs of BVDV infection. Diagnostic investigations therefore rely on serological detection and virus isolation. Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) as immunogenic protein of BVDV is genetically and antigenically conserved among different isolates....

In this paper, we discuss indirect communication between human and a robot through physiological phenomena, which consist of breathing, heartbeats the body temperature, express robot’s emotion. We set situation with joint attention user to an emotional photo video contents, evaluated whether both user’s response content impression on relationship were changed by expressions robot. The results s...