• After palm oil was brought to South East Asia from central Africa in the 20 century the worldwide production has grown by 65 percent over the past decade. Demand is still increasing, especially after the European Union agreed to its 10 percent target for biofuels in their total transport consumption. • As biggest and second biggest producer of palm oil Indonesia and Malaysia account together ...

this paper aims to address the obstacles of accession of turkey to the european :union: (eu). for this the paper discusses some obstacles in the way of turkey’s application to accede to the european :union: that have caused delay in its membership in eu. the paper explains all the efforts that turkey has made to achieve this goal, on one hand. on the other hand, considering all existing obstacl...

â â â  â  zahra zamani [1] â â  seyed komail tayebi â  department of economics, university of isfahan, iran â â department of economics, university of isfahan, iran â â â  abstract â  international trade causes that markets to become more competitive and small-medium sized enterprises (smes) learn to compete effectively within this increasingly competitive global market place. smes are able to ...

Recently biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME – in Germany mainly rapeseed oil methyl ester as a neat fuel, which means B100) became an important alternative fuel on the German and the European markets. Approximately 1,200,000 tons were sold in Germany in the year 2004 (VDB, 2004). This is more than 50 % of all biodiesel that is sold in the European Union (Observ’ER, 2004). Today biodiesel ...

As institutions and governance structures develop in modern markets, they tend to “feed back” onto economic activity. Through such feedback loops, market and political arenas can develop symbiotically into relatively coherent “fields” that gradually embed actors’ orientations and activities. Using these insights, this article develops and tests a theory of European integration focusing on the c...

The banking sectors of the European Union have faced numerous challenges in the past decade. With regard to old EU members, as a result of the Second European Banking Directive and the Single European Passport the speed of deregulation accelerated, and with the elimination or lowering of barriers market-entry costs substantially decreased, favouring competition and the creation of a Unified Ban...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: G01 G11 G15 Keywords: Stock market integration DCC-GARCH model Price differentials Exchange rate risk Trade linkages GFC EGARCH In this study, we examine the patterns and causes of stock market integration of selected emerging Asian nations against the US, Australia, China, and India for the period 1 January 2001 to 31 March 2012. We compare patterns of...

This paper aims to evaluate the competitive position of China and European Union in international agricultural food trade using properly selected measurement indicators comparing resulting values with changes workforce productivity agriculture. On foreign markets, an improvement a country/ regional group is equivalent increase share specific entity export markets. One basic determinants scale g...

While much has been said about the need to promote intraregional trade and the importance of reducing associated trade costs, quantitative estimates of such costs have been lacking. In this paper a new comprehensive measure of international trade costs is applied to calculate, according to value, trade costs within and between four Asian subregions, including the Association of Southeast Asian ...

The dominant view today is of a global knowledge-based economy, driven by the application of new technologies, accelerating the shift to high-skilled, high-waged European economies. This view is reflected in the expansion of higher education and the key role of higher education in national and European economic policy. The Lisbon agenda seeks to make the European Union ‘the most competitive and...