erious allegations of fraud have been made with respect to Russia’s first competitive, party-based parliamentary election in December 1993. Although similar allegations have been made with respect to the 1995 parliamentary and 1996 presidential elections, those that concern 1993 are especially problematic. The assertion that over nine million ballots were fraudulently cast and that the turnout ...

We use the structure of media markets within states and across state boundaries to study the relationship between television and electoral competition. Specifically, we compare incumbent vote margins in media markets where the content originates in the same state as the media consumers versus those where the content originates out-of-state. This contrast provides a clear test of whether televis...

In nature, the mechanical properties of geological bodies are very complex, and their various mechanical parameters are vague, incomplete, imprecise, and indeterminate. However, we cannot express them by the crisp values in classical probability and statistics. In geotechnical engineering, we need to try our best to approximate exact values in indeterminate environments because determining the ...

UNLABELLED Hybrid cameras combining SPECT and spiral CT offer the opportunity to obtain a diagnostic-quality CT image of scintigraphically suggestive lesions that directly correlates with the SPECT image. The field of view of the CT scan can be adapted on the basis of the SPECT findings ("SPECT-guided CT"). The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of SPECT-guided CT in the asse...