Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of saffron and methylprednisolone on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods: This study was conducted in Bushehr, southern Iran in 2017.The animals were divided into four groups of five rats each. Three groups were injected with a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). The fourth group was administered w...

Background: Noise as a most common harmful physical agent in workplaces has some effects on the exposed persons such as hearing threshold reduction, increasing blood pressure, and interference with the speech. The adverse side-effect of noise is one of the scientific areas that have seldom been considered by researchers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational noise...

War is harmful to animals, but few have considered how such harm should affect assessments of the justice military actions. In this article, we propose a way in which concern for animals can be included within just-war framework, with focus on necessity and proportionality. We argue that counting war will not make theory excessively demanding, it more humane. By showing our proportionality asse...

extractthere are some hypothesis that the children do not feel pain. these assumptions are based on circumstantial and theoretical evidence. this theory believes that children, especially infants are not able to understand the pain because their nervous system is immature. however, these assumptions are acceptable for all of people except about children. there is evidence that children continuo...

the effects of chronic administration of lithium, on acute toxicity of carbamazepine (cbz) in mate albino mice was studied and the ld50 values were determined from dose-probit curves. the results showed that in lithium pretreated animals (animals consumed drinking water contraining 600 mg/l lithium carbonate for 10 days) the ld50 value (the doese corresponding to probit 5) of cbz decreased sign...

Introduction: Rampant use of antibiotics in animal husbandry contributes significantly to the development and spread antibiotic resistance. This study determines activity poultry feed assesses knowledge on feeding practices their potential effects antimicrobial resistance among farm owners. Methods: Poultry available for sale shops ready serve water samples from selected farms Kegalle District,...