Abstract The development of a robust understanding the response Antarctic Ice Sheet to present and projected future climatic change is matter key global societal importance. Numerical ice sheet models that simulate behaviour are typically evaluated with recourse how well they reproduce past behaviour, which constrained by geological record. However, subglacial topography, boundary condition in ...

In mantle convection models, the top surface is traditionally approximated as a freeslip boundary, and the dynamic topography is obtained by assuming that the normal stress on the free-slip boundary is compensated instantaneously through surface deformation. It has already been shown that this approximation is valid for longwavelength topography. Based on both viscous and viscoelastic models wi...

Glacier roughness at sub-metre scales is an important control on the ice surface energy balance and has implications for scattering energy measured by remote-sensing instruments. Ice surface roughness is dynamic as a consequence of spatial and temporal variation in ablation. To date, studies relying on singular and/or spatially discrete two-dimensional profiles to describe ice surface roughness...

We describe a concept for a spaceborne radar system designed to measure the surface and basal topography of terrestrial ice sheets and to determine the physical properties of the glacier bed. Our primary objective is to develop this new technology for obtaining spaceborne estimates of the thickness of the polar ice sheets with an ultimate goal of providing essential information to modelers esti...

[1] Repeated mesoscale surveys of waters over the shelf and slope off Oregon were conducted during spring and summer of 2001 to study the spatial structure of the velocity and hydrographic fields. The ocean response to wind forcing is compared between a region of relatively simple topography with alongshore uniformity and a region of complex topography including a shallow submarine bank (Heceta...

Endplate morphology is understood to play an important role in the mechanical behavior of vertebral bone as well as degenerative processes in spinal tissues; however, the utility of clinical imaging modalities in assessment of the vertebral endplate has been limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of two clinical imaging modalities (digital tomosynthesis, DTS; high reso...

Europa’s icy surface displays numerous small (530 km-diameter) pits, spots, and uplifts with topography of 100-300 m [1-5]. Although several formation models exist for these features, the most popular is that they result from deformation of the lithosphere by convection in the underlying ice [1,2,6,7,13]. However, it is unclear whether convection can produce topography of the appropriate wavele...

To determine whether smoking more, compared to less, potent marijuana (MJ) cigarettes to a desired level of intoxication ("high") reduces pulmonary exposure to noxious smoke components, in 10 habitual smokers of MJ, we measured respiratory delivery and deposition of tar and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) boost, smoking topography, including cumulative puff volume (C...