background: one of the most common complaints expressed by individuals with hearing-impairment is the difficulty in speech perception in background noise. different tests have been developed for the evaluation of reduced ability of speech perception in noise, and the consonant-vowel in noise test is one of the simplest one regard to speech materials. the goal of the present study was developmen...

objective: mental disorders are more common among the chemically injured veterans rather the than the normal population. the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mustard gas (mg) on mental health and quality-of-life (qol) in the people exposed to it based on reviewing valid published articles. methods: we searched english databases including medline, isi and scopus as well as f...

The Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a global pandemic causing the greatest public health concern. Its etiological agent, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the commonest lethal infections worldwide. The physical and mental changes resulting from HIV infection and its treatment can affect a patient’s quality of life (QOL). Some of the most commonly reported symptoms a...

introduction: cochlear implantation (ci) improves language skills among children with hearing loss. however, children with cis still fall short of fulfilling some other needs, including musical perception. this is often attributed to the biological, technological, and acoustic limitations of cis. emotions play a key role in the understanding and enjoyment of music. the present study aimed to in...

Retinal degenerations can be promoted by many factors including ischemia, oxidative stress, and increased intraocular pressure. Damage to retinal neurons can be inhibited by neurotrophic factors such as PEDF, BDNF, and CNTF (Tombran-Tink and Barnstable, 2003). We present new evidence that the environment encountered in space shuttle flight can also disrupt normal retinal development and mimic s...

multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of central nervous system.women are more susceptible to this disease. one of the obvious clinical complaints in women with multiple sclerosis specially treated with beta interferones is menstrual cycle irregularity. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of menstrual irregularities and probable changes in blood levels of relate...

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a “group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that is attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, cognition, communication, perception, and/or behaviour, and/or by a seizure disorde...

In the ICF, pain is allocated to the dimension of body functions, chapter 2 “Sensory functions and pain.” Cerebral palsy (CP) is the health condition defined as “a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitations that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances in the developing foetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of CP are often a...

BACKGROUND Visual disturbance, visuo-spatial difficulties, and exacerbations of pain associated with these, have been reported by some patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). AIMS We investigated the hypothesis that some visual stimuli (i.e. those which produce ambiguous perceptions) can induce pain and other somatic sensations in people with CRPS. METHODS Thirty patients with ...