The páramos biome of the northern Andes is a collection high-mountain tropical grassland wetland ecosystems that provides important ecosystem services including hydrological buffering and water supply. Human activities in these transform vegetation cover soil hydro-physical properties, affecting their performance quality quantity. Here, we conducted systematic review on influence land use (agri...

Musk thistle is an invasive weed that is widely distributed throughout much of North America, including grasslands in temperate climates of the midwest USA. A series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various environmental factors on germination of musk thistle seeds. In temperature-fluctuation experiments, seed germination was greater than 65% in...

In this paper, the initiatives of reforestation national forests North Côte d’Ivoire were examined using geomatics and analysis change intensity by taking case protected Forest Badénou (PFB). A spatial based on multi-spectral multi-temporal Landsat imagery was carried out to assess land cover changes in (PFB) over past two decades determine whether patterns terms gains/losses each classes activ...

Many philosophers hold that all dispositions must have independent causal bases. I challenge this view, hence defending the possibility of bare dispositions. In part 1, I explain more fully what I mean by "disposition," "causal basis," and "bare disposition." In part 2, I consider the claim that the concept of a disposition entails that dispositions are not bare. dispositions necessarily have d...

The compositional semantics of sentences like Only mammals give live birth and The flag flies only if the Queen is home is a tough problem. Evidence is presented to show that only here is modifying an underlying proposition (its 'prejacent'). After discussing the semantics of only, the question of the proper interpretation of the prejacent is explored. It would be nice if the prejacent could be...