The intake of probiotics has been associated with beneficial effects on the immune system, such as improved disease resistance and diminished risk of allergies. This review gives an overview of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics investigated with in vitro assays, experimental animal models, and clinical trials, and explores possible mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects. Im...

Probiotics provide us an alternative way to combat diseases and has been introduced for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. This review was initiated to explore whether the use of probiotics can influence the periodontal microbiota and periodontal health. The role of probiotics on periodontal disease was reviewed to analyse the clinical effects of oral probiotics on periodontal di...

Although described for over a century, scientists and clinicians alike are only now beginning to realize the significant medical applications of probiotics. Probiotic research in the developed world has received significant attention in recent years; however, the potential for probiotics in the developing world has remained relatively unexplored. This review focuses on the most recent advances ...

Aims: Probiotics are viable and useful microorganisms, which are beneficial factors for human and animal health by altering their microbial flora. Most of the probiotics belong to a large group of bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. There are several clinical shreds of evidence that show anti-carcinogenic effects of probiotics through altering digestive enzymes, inhibition of carcinog...

BACKGROUND Citrobacter rodentium is a naturally occurring murine pathogen that causes colonic epithelial-cell hyperplasia, disrupts the colonic mucosa, and elicits a predominantly T helper 1 cellular immune response; it thereby serves as a model for the study of mechanisms of disease induced by human attaching-effacing pathogens. We sought to determine whether pretreatment of mice with a mixtur...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is direct evidence that the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves the gastrointestinal microbiota and some evidence that the microbiota might also play a similar role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this article is to review the emerging evidence for the mechanisms and effectiveness of probiotics in the management of these disorders. R...

BACKGROUND Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer nutrition- and health-promoting benefits if consumed in adequate amounts. Concomitant with the demand for natural approaches to maintaining health is an increase in inclusion of probiotics in food and health products. Since probiotic bacteria act as reservoir for antibiotic resistant determinants, the transfer of these genes to pathogens...

This study was carried out at Alkhurmah Governorate; Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Thirty weaned males of Najdi sheep aged between 3-4 months with average body weight 22.87±.0.18 kg were used for study. Animals were allotted to three comparable groups (10 lambs/each), the first group served as control (fed ration composed of 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus 40 % alfalfa hay) while ...

Pharmaceutical probiotics have been used as alternative treatments or preventative therapies for a variety of clinical diseases. The overuse of antibiotics and emergence of multiple-antibiotic resistant pathogens has refocused clinical attention on the field of probiotics. Anaerobic infections which seem to respond well to probiotics are infections which involve the disruption of normal microbi...

Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. Alteration in its healthy homeostasis may result in the development of numerous liver disorders including complications of liver cirrhosis. On the other hand, restoration and modulation of intestinal flora through the use of probiotics is potentially an emerging therapeutic strategy. There is mounting evidence that probiotics ...