this work is presented in five parts. in the first part preparation of the starting complex [pt(c^n)cl(dmso)], 1, in which c^n = n(1),c(2?)-chelated, deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine, and dmso = dimethylsulfoxide, and its reaction with 1 equiv of the biphosphine ligands bis(diphenylphosphino)amine, dppa, or bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppm, to give the complex [pt(c^n)cl(dppa)], 2, or [pt(c^n)c...

abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

مفهوم هنجار برای اولین بار توسط دانشمندی به نام گیدون توری در اواخر دهه 70 مطرح شد. هنجارها توسط محققان مختلفی طبقه بندی شده اند؛ نوع هنجاری که در این تحقیق مورد بحث است "هنجار انتظارات" است. مطالعات ترجمه یک رشته ی نوپا و مستقل است که هنوز به رشد کامل خود نرسیده و بسیاری از شاخه های آن نیاز به پژوهش دارند. یکی ازاین حوزه ها که نیاز به پژوهش دارند، هنجارهای ترجمه هستند به ویژه هنجارهای انتظارات...

armenias geopolitics and its historical experience have had a determining impact on the character of its foreign policy .present-day armenia is a small, landlocked country with _11,620 square miles area armenias landlocked nature makes it dependent on the benevolence of its neighbors for access to the outside world a fact that gives it a sense of isolation and vulnerability. as it was indic...

the current study examined iranian undergraduate efl students’ willingness to communicate with regard to their vocabulary knowledge. in general, participants were somewhat willing to communicate in english. the total mean score of 730 university students’ perception of willing to communicate was 83.53 out of 135. results, regarding four parts of willingness to communicate, revealed that part...

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boron nitride semiconducting zigzag swcnt, $b_{cb}$$n_{cn}$$c_{1-cb-cn}$, as a potential candidate for making nanoelectronic devices was examined. in contrast to the previous dft calculations, wherein just one boron and nitrogen doping configuration have been considered, here for the average over all possible configurations, density of states (dos) was calculated in terms of boron and nitrogen ...

although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...