persian manuscripts were produced during the second century until the forth one in iran. iranians had experiences about painting in pre-islamic era, so they played an important role in creating art works such as miniature, illuminated pages in islamic civilization after the emergence of islam. in the first centuries of emerging islam, beautiful transcription, ornamentation of quran were honors ...

In recent years experiments regarding machine creativity got more common, but it is a question existing since centuries. This paper describes how differs from human in multiple fields, including music, fine arts, and literature.

female genital mutilation in different parts of the african continent isconsidered as one of the vast territory’s social problems. this social problem whichis accounted as an old tradition in different countries of the african continent hashad so many unpleasant physical and mental effects on urban and rural africanwomen during recent centuries. throughout recent decades, considerable effortsha...

with at least 11 hectares site locating on fashafooyeh from rey town, the archaic area of nachir khanloq is one of the important regions from islamic period that has been less noticed yet. unfortunately, some parts of this region have been leveled by farming equipments. in addition to its large area, great and massive distribution of cultural artifacts throughout this area, particularly several...

Animal medicine, human medicine and public health have been associated ever since sheep, goats, cattle, horses, dogs, cats and other animals were first domesticated to serve the needs of society. The more recent history of veterinary public health (VPH) in Europe has seen developments through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and the beginning of modern conceptions of VPH. The recogniti...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an old disease. Fragments of the spinal column from Egyptian mummies show evidence of TB over four thousand years ago. Large-scale epidemic of the disease occurred in the recent centuries. In 1958, Grigg pointed out that the shape of the epidemic curve for TB is the same as that for any other infectious disease, if one adjusts the time scale to allow for the roughly 300-yea...

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