In this paper, we characterize the natural opposition relation on the set of flags of a generalized polygon. We also investigate when a certain relation on any rank 2 geometry of finite diameter is equivalent to the opposition relation in a generalized polygon. As a consequence we obtain a new definition of generalized polygons. Finally, we also characterize the opposition relation in twin tree...

A fireworks algorithm (FWA) is a recent swarm intelligence algorithm that is inspired by observing fireworks explosions. An adaptive fireworks algorithm (AFWA) proposes additional adaptive amplitudes to improve the performance of the enhanced fireworks algorithm (EFWA). The purpose of this paper is to add opposition-based learning (OBL) to AFWA with the goal of further boosting performance and ...