background: recto-vaginal colonization of group b streptococcus (gbs) has been known as an important issue in mother and newborn’s health, which is getting frequent in developing countries. screening test have been introduced and utilized in many countries and is recommended by many researchers. however, due to lack of information in prevalence of gbs, especially in iran, there are doubts and c...

agriculture has a key role to play in reducing poverty and hunger in many developing countries. about 75% of the world's poor live in rural areas and most are dependent on agriculture and related activities in the rural economy. for this reason the benefits for developing countries’ farmers have been shown to be substantial if oecd member countries reformed their agricultural policies. the issu...

this paper aims at comparing tax effort in iran with that of 14 developing countries including jordan, algeria, malaysia, congo, nicaragua, india, sri lanka, paraguay, tunisia, peru, venezuela, philippine, and south africa. a tax ratio model is developed for this purpose. seemingly unrelated regression (sur) method and panel data for 1994-2002 periods are utilized to estimate the model. the res...

The ever increasing pile-up of electronic waste in dumping sites, especially in developing countries such as China, Pakistan, India and several African countries, might have caused a significant alteration in the microbial community of the contaminated sites. This change in the microbial population may have significant impact to the soil ecology function. The major pollutants of electronic wast...

Over the past decades, agritourism has spread rapidly worldwide with growing interest of tourists in learning about rural life and farmers' need to increase their income various economic activities. Diversifying business activities on farm, primarily through agritourism, increases farm's helps reduce financial problems. Yet, importance consequently cultural social consequences areas have not be...

The ever increasing pile-up of electronic waste in dumping sites, especially in developing countries such as China, Pakistan, India and several African countries, might have caused a significant alteration in the microbial community of the contaminated sites. This change in the microbial population may have significant impact to the soil ecology function. The major pollutants of electronic wast...