The issue of shipping and navigation in the Caucasus is understudied, as well these skills among peoples Caucasus. Meanwhile, it known, a huge land bridge, surrounded on two sides by three seas – Black, Azov Caspian seas. In addition, large water flows occur Caucasus, forming rather river systems. South are Kura Rioni rivers, North Terek Kuban. Therefore, difficult to imagine that Caucasian peo...

although ancient greek physicians studied a great number of ocular diseases in their medical texts such as glaucoma, cataract, trachoma, chalazion, trichiasis, entropion, ectropion and pterygion, in ancient greek art there were only few examples which represent ophthalmic diseases. these examples are found especially in portraits, and the ophthalmological disease is an important feature of the ...

religion, as one of the most effective elements of culture and civilization, has had a tangible presence in all human societies from the ancient times up to the present. it has been tried, in this study, to look over iranians’ religious beliefs from the point of arabic sources view. the results show that the religious beliefs, especially in the field of politics, had an important role in ancien...

the relation between economy and medicine had a long history since ancient times. supplying (providing) health care and the required drugs and medical equipments were the main concerns of the human communities even when they were at rather primitive stages of civilization. later, in developed civilizations, trade was added to the concepts of medical economy. in this study, various economic acti...

CONTEXT Ginger is the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, a perennial plant, used alone or in compounds as a spice or remedy in ancient recipes of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as an effective tonic for the memory and digestive system, the opener of hepatic obstructions, aphrodisiac, for expelling compact wind from stomach and intestines, diluting, desiccating and emollient of phlegmatic and c...