In this study, the effects of Pistacia terebinthus (PT) fruit extract supplemented diet on growth performance, haematology, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, non-specific immune responses were evaluated in juvenile rainbow trout (Onchoryhnchus mykiss). The fish fed diets containing three doses (0.1, 0.5 1% diet) a control without for 63 days. Final weight, weight gain specific rate s...

Fish disease treatments have progressed significantly over the last few years and have moved from the massive use of antibiotics to the development of vaccines mainly based on inactivated bacteria. Today, the incorporation of immunostimulants and antigens into nanomaterials provide us with new tools to enhance the performance of immunostimulation. Nanoparticles are dispersions or solid particle...

Astragalus L., is one of the largest genuses of flowering plants in the Leguminosae family. Roots of A. membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and its processed products are listed in the China Pharmacopeia for "qi deficiency" syndrome treatment. However, more and more researches on other species of Astragalus have been conducted recently. We summarize th...

Asparagus racemosus is an herbaceous perennial plant. It is the most important rasayana herb in Ayurvedic medicine which grows in low forest areas throughout India. Their medicinal usages have been reported in indigenous systems of medicine, Indian and British Pharmacopoeias. In Ayurveda, A. racemosus has been used extensively as an adaptogen to increase the non-specific resistance of organisms...

Aqueous extract of roots of Baliospermum montanum was evaluated on preliminary basis for immunomodulatory activity by studying neutrophil phagocytic function. The different concentration of (25, 50, 100 mug/ml) of aqueous extract of roots of Baliospermum montanum was subjected to study its effect on different in vitro methods of phagocytosis such as neutrophil locomotion, chemotaxis, immunostim...

In this study, plant oils of Hypericum perforatum, Sesamum indicum, Nigella sative were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Vibrio anguillarum and Lactococcus garvieae. Antibacterial activity was found to show with oil of Nigella sative. It was determined formed on the diameter of inhibition (inhibition zone: 18 mm) of the oil against Vibrio anguillarum and Lactococcu...

Introduction Andrographis paniculata is a herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. It is widely cultivated in southern Asia, where it is used to treat infections and some diseases, often being used before antibiotics were created. Mostly the leaves and roots were used for medicinal purposes. Andrographis paniculata is used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic sy...

Treatment of bone-marrow-derived macrophages with nanogram quantities of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with the synthetic bacterial lipopeptide analogue N-palmitoyl-(S)-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl] (Pam3)Cys-Ala-Gly results in a change of ADP-ribosylation of a cytosolic 33 kDa protein. The immunostimulant-induced change is both dose- and time-dependent. It is not observed in mac...

For decades the respiratory protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH1) from the marine gastropod Megathura crenulata has been used widely as a potent immunostimulant, useful hapten carrier, and valuable agent in the treatment of bladder carcinoma. Although much information on the immunological properties of KLH1 is available, biochemical and structural data are still incomplete. Small-angle x-ray...