The immunological synapse has been an area of very active scientific interest over the last decade. Surprisingly, much about the synapse remains unknown or is controversial. Here we review some of these current issues in the field: how the synapse is defined, its potential role in T-cell function, and our current understanding about how the synapse is formed.

Abstract Multiplex ELISA assays are widely used in biomedical research for drug development and other therapeutic interventions. Monitoring of the immune responses subjects receiving candidate therapeutics is crucial mitigating adverse reactions necessary validation new candidates. Non-human primates (NHP) serve as a animal model novel due to similarities organ systems humans. To support this l...

Diagnosis of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is usually determined serologically by detection of the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies or rising anti-HEV IgG titers. However, serological assays have demonstrated a significant variation in their sensitivities and specificities. In this study, we present the systematic comparison of different immunological anti-HEV assays using complete serocon...

Spleen cells from mice immunized with starch branching enzymes were fused with cells from the mouse myeloma Sp2/0-AG14 cell line to form hybridomas. Those hybridomas producing antibodies against the branching enzyme were screened by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified branching enzyme as the antigen. Three monoclonal cell lines (1A1D7, 1A1C3 and 4D2A9D8) were found to produce a...

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an extremely contagious pathogen that causes deadly diseases in carnivores worldwide. Objectives: Considering the effect of CDV on host immune system and increased risk other infections, present study aimed to investigate incidence coinfection with Bordetella bronchiseptica, using genomic serological methods. Methods: In this study, 50 blood samples, ...

The study was conducted to compare the specificity of immunological diagnostic methods used for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species capable of causing life-threatening infection in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients. For the detection of Cryptosporidium species in 79 animals with diarrhoea, we used three Copro-antigen tests: RIDASCREEN®Cryptosporidium test, Cryptosporidium ...

Botulinum toxin is a bacterial toxin that inhibits neurotransmitter release from neurons and thereby causes a flaccid paralysis. It is used as drug to treat a number of serious ailments and, more frequently, for aesthetic medical interventions. Botulinum toxin for pharmacological applications is isolated from bacterial cultures. Due to partial denaturation of the protein, the specific activity ...

Objective: to compare the two immunological methods of HbA1c determination available at university hospital centers in capital Madagascar. Methods:Prospective comparative study between HbA1C assay techniquesat University Hospital Center Joseph RavoahangyAndrianavalona and RasetaBefelatanana both localized Antananarivo Madagascar was conducted. The techniques used are immunoturbidimetry immunofl...

The use of a recently available commercial membrane (Immunodyne Immunoaffinity), which covalently binds proteins, in the development of a quantitative immunological slot blot assay is demonstrated. This membrane was found to be valuable in the quantification of polygalacturonase from tomato fruit, a protein which binds weakly to nitrocellulose membrane. The covalent binding of protein to a soli...