Accurate determination of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in breast carcinoma is essential. Preanalytic variation may contribute to discordant results. Recently, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) made recommendations to normalize fixation for breast biomarkers. To evaluate this, a 4-cm invasive lobular carcinoma was ...

O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter hypermethylation has recently emerged as a powerful determinant of chemotherapy sensitivity in glioblastomas. To adapt such an important epigenetic biomarker to routine application in the clinical setting, we validated the conventionally used methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) assay for its relevance in the determination o...

First immunohistochemical evidence of human tendon repair following stem cell injection: A case report and review literature

an 11 year – old mixed female labrador was presented with two masses in trunk and neck. the tumoral masses were excised and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. histopathological examination of masses revealed diffuse infiltration of small sized lymphoid cells in subcutaneous tissue which were intense around the blood vessels. more than 10% lymphoid cells were cd3 positi...

a fibroadenoma was diagnosed in the mammary gland of a lamb by immunohistochemical method andmeasurement of oestradiol hormone. the tumor was characterized by an encapsulated firm mass with acreamy-white cut surface. histologically, it consisted of variably-sized sinus ducts, covered by a single ormultiple layers of proliferated epithelial cells, and embedded in a loose connective tissue. immun...

back ground: the aim of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical expression of galectin 1, 3, and 9 in normal oral epithelium, oral squamous papilloma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. materials and methods: immunohistochemical staining for galectins 1, 3, and 9 was evaluated in 8 samples of normal oral squamous epithelium, 15 samples of oral squamous papilloma, and 41 samples of...

Although most breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers are estrogen receptor negative (ER-) with a basal-like phenotype, up to one third are ER positive (ER+). Little is known about the characteristics of this subgroup. To address this, we compared histologic and immunophenotypic features of 60 BRCA1-related ER+ breast cancers with those of 85 BRCA1-related ER- cancers and 174 matched ER+ spor...

We have explored the potential for clinical implementation of ATAD2 as a biomarker for aggressive endometrial cancer by investigating to what extent immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for ATAD2 is feasible, reflects clinical phenotype and molecular subgroups of endometrial carcinomas. Increased expression of the ATAD2 gene has been implicated in cancer development and progression in a number of...

splenic hamartoma is an unusual accidental finding with non-neoplastic feature that may be incidentally diagnosed because of its compression effect on surrounding organs. the predominant pathological feature leading diagnosis is circumscribed, un-encapsulated bulging nodules with focal fibrosis or cyst. the histopathological feature of splenic hamartoma is the positivity for cd8, and occasional...